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Golmohammadi M, Mostavafinia A, Nazarnejad M M, Nadia Sharifi Z. Effects of Nigella sativa Nano-hydroalcoholic Extract on Neuronal Damages in the Hippocampus of Male Rats After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. BCN 2025; 16 (4) :819-832
URL: http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3162-en.html

Introduction: Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of global mortality and disability in many countries. Damage caused by reperfusion is due to the inflammatory function of the injured tissue. Ischemia-reperfusion causes the formation of oxygen free radicals and other oxidants. The CA1 region of the hippocampus is one of the highly sensitive parts of the brain in ischemia and hypoxia. The Nigella sativa plant, with its antioxidant properties, can remove free radicals and cell-damaging compounds to prevent cell death and damage to viable cells. To determine the effects of hydroalcoholic extract and nano-hydroalcoholic extract containing N. sativa on the CA1 region of the hippocampus in male Wistar rats following transient global ischemia/reperfusion. 
Methods: Four groups of 32 male Wistar rats were randomly formed: Control, ischemia, hydroalcoholic extract of black recipient seed, and nano-extract of hydroalcoholic black seed recipient. Ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries induced an ischemia model. Following the behavioral test, brain removal was completed and prepared for Nissl staining and stereological evaluations, along with the expression levels of Bax and Bcl2, using the real-time PCR technique.
Results: A considerable rise in the number of viable pyramidal cells was observed in the hydroalcoholic extract and nano-hydroalcoholic extract groups compared to the ischemia group. Bax expression was elevated, and the expression of Bcl-2 declined after transient global I/R in the CA1 region. The effects of transient global ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on gene expression were reversed by the injection of hydroalcoholic and nano-hydroalcoholic extracts containing N. Sativa.  
Conclusion: Transient global I/R remarkably promotes cell death and morphological changes. It appears that the hydroalcoholic extract of N. sativa, particularly the nano-hydroalcoholic extract, at a dose of 400 mg/kg, may be a suitable solution for treating ischemia-induced brain damage.