Volume 11, Issue 4 (July & August - Special Issue on Memory, Reward & Stress 2020)
BCN 2020, 11(4): 381-388 |
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Mustafa N S, Abu Bakar N H, Mohamad N, Mohd Adnan L H, Md Fauzi N F A, Thoarlim A, et al . MDMA and the Brain: A Short Review on the Role of Neurotransmitters in Neurotoxicit. BCN 2020; 11 (4) :381-388
URL: http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1295-en.html
URL: http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1295-en.html
Nor Suliana Mustafa1 
, Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar1 , Nasir Mohamad * 1, Liyana Hazwani Mohd Adnan1 , Nurul Farah Aina Md Fauzi1 , Abdulsoma Thoarlim1 , Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Omar1 , Mohd Shafiee Hamzah2 , Zawawi Yusoff2 , Mahdi Jufri3 , Rashidi Ahmad4
, Nor Hidayah Abu Bakar1 , Nasir Mohamad * 1, Liyana Hazwani Mohd Adnan1 , Nurul Farah Aina Md Fauzi1 , Abdulsoma Thoarlim1 , Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Omar1 , Mohd Shafiee Hamzah2 , Zawawi Yusoff2 , Mahdi Jufri3 , Rashidi Ahmad4
1- Centre for Research in Addiction (CentRenA), University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
2- Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
3- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Indonesia.
4- Academic Unit of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2- Faculty of Medicine, City Campus, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
3- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Indonesia, Indonesia.
4- Academic Unit of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract:
N-Methyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy is a recreational drug of abuse. It is a synthetic substance that affects the body’s systems, which its mechanism of action and treatment should be more investigated. MDMA provides an immediate enjoyable feeling by stimulating the release of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, abnormal regulation of the brain neurotransmitters, as well as the increased oxidative stress causes damage to the brain neurons after the MDMA exposure. Only a few studies have been done regarding its treatment. Thus, the treatment of MDMA complications should be further explored mainly by targeting its mechanism of action in the neurotransmitter systems. Hence, this study presents a short review regarding the recent findings on the role of neurotransmitters to cause MDMA neurotoxicity. The results will be useful for future research in elucidating the potential treatment based on the targeted mechanisms to treat the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.
Type of Study: Review |
Subject:
Clinical Neuroscience
Received: 2018/07/24 | Accepted: 2019/02/19 | Published: 2020/07/1
Received: 2018/07/24 | Accepted: 2019/02/19 | Published: 2020/07/1
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