Termination of Nociceptive Bahaviour at the End of Phase 2 of Formalin Test is Attributable to Endogenous Inhibitory Mechanisms, but not by Opioid Receptors Activation

Azhdari-Zarmehri, Hassan; Mohammad-Zadeh, Mohammad; Feridoni, Masoud; Nazeri, Masoud

Volume 5, Issue 1 (Winter 2014 -- 2014) BCN 2014, 5(1): 48-54 | Back to browse issues page

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Azhdari-Zarmehri H, Mohammad-Zadeh M, Feridoni M, Nazeri M. Termination of Nociceptive Bahaviour at the End of Phase 2 of Formalin Test is Attributable to Endogenous Inhibitory Mechanisms, but not by Opioid Receptors Activation. BCN 2014; 5 (1) :48-54
URL: http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-468-en.html

Termination of Nociceptive Bahaviour at the End of Phase 2 of Formalin Test is Attributable to Endogenous Inhibitory Mechanisms, but not by Opioid Receptors Activation

Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri¹

, Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh ^*

², Masoud Feridoni³

, Masoud Nazeri⁴

1- Department of Basic Sciences, Torbat heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat heydariyeh, Iran.
2- Department of Physiology & Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University Of medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
3- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
4- Medical Students Research Committee, Kerman Medical University, Kerman, Iran.

Abstract:

Introduction: Formalin injection induces nociceptive bahaviour in phase I and II, with a quiescent phase between them. While active inhibitory mechanisms are proposed to be responsible for initiation of interphase, the exact mechanisms which lead to termination of nociceptive response in phase II are not clear yet. Phase II is a consequence of peripheral and central sensitization processes, which can lead to termination of the noxious stimuli responses 45-60 minutes after formalin injection via possible recruitment of active inhibitory mechanisms which we have investigated in this study.

Methods: To test our hypothesis, in the first set of experiments, we evaluated nociceptive response after two consecutive injection of formalin (50&muL, 2%), with intervals of 5 or 60 minutes. In the next set, formalin tests were carried out in companion with injection of Naloxone Hydrochloride, a non-selective antagonist of opioid receptors, pre-formalin injection and 30 and 45 minutes post formalin injection.

Results: While normal nociceptive behaviour was observed in the group receiving one injection of formalin, a diminished response was observed in phases I and II of those receiving consequent injection of formalin, 60 minute after first injection. While second injection of formalin, 5 minute after first injection, had no effect. Administration of naloxone (1mg/kg) decreased nociception in phase 2A but had no effect on delayed termination of formalin test.

Discussion: The results of this study suggest the existence of an active inhibitory mechanism, other than the endogenous opioids, that is responsible for termination of nociceptive behaviour at the end of formalin test.

Keywords: Formalin Test, Nociception, Naloxone

Full-Text [PDF 869 kb]

Type of Study: Original | Subject: Behavioral Neuroscience
Received: 2013/11/22 | Accepted: 2014/01/1 | Published: 2014/01/20

Rights and permissions
	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb