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YN Arun1 
, Sunaina Soni1 , Madhu Priya1 , Sudhashekhar Kumar1 , Suriya Prakash Muthukrishnan *1 , Prashant Tayade1 , Simran Kaur1 , Ratna Sharma1
, Sunaina Soni1 , Madhu Priya1 , Sudhashekhar Kumar1 , Suriya Prakash Muthukrishnan *1 , Prashant Tayade1 , Simran Kaur1 , Ratna Sharma1
1- Stress and Cognitive Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Abstract:
Detection of objects is pivotal for optimal functioning and survival, especially in potentially threatening environmental conditions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon of visual object detection remain elusive. A combination of novel visual object detection task, high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG), and effective connectivity was used to decipher the causal interactions among cortical regions involved in the ‘detection’ of visual objects in healthy individuals (n=51). Significant (P <0.05; t-stat threshold: 4.739; Medium effect) causal interactions were observed at two different time windows. At 300 ms to 400 ms post-stimulus, there was an attenuation in the flow of information from the right Brodmann area (BA) 25 to ipsilateral BA 40, potentially reflecting reduced interference from error processing and conflict monitoring and thereby increasing sensitivity for prompt detection of visual objects. Increased flow of information from left BA 9 to bilateral BAs 29 was noted at 350 ms to 450 ms, representing pre-frontal driven attentional signal guiding interpretation of the presence of visual objects. Additionally, enhanced connectivity from left BA 4 to contralateral BA 30 was observed at 350 ms to 450 ms indicating that enhanced integration of motor programs with visual processing contributes to the formation of coherent representations that facilitate interaction with visual objects in the external world.
Keywords: Brodmann areas, Cingulate cortex, Electroencephalography, Visual processing, Visual hallucinations
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Cognitive Neuroscience
Received: 2025/10/18 | Accepted: 2026/01/5 | Published: 2026/05/9
Received: 2025/10/18 | Accepted: 2026/01/5 | Published: 2026/05/9
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