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Sahar Alijanpour1 
, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard1 , Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni2 , Parvaneh Karimzadeh3 , Farzad Ahmadabadi4 , Elham Rahimian5 , Samareh Panjehshahi1 , Mohammad Miryounesi * 1
, Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard1 , Seyed Hassan Tonekaboni2 , Parvaneh Karimzadeh3 , Farzad Ahmadabadi4 , Elham Rahimian5 , Samareh Panjehshahi1 , Mohammad Miryounesi * 1
1- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Professor of Pediatrics, Neuropediatrician, Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Professor of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
5- Haghighat Imaging and Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
2- Professor of Pediatrics, Neuropediatrician, Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3- Professor of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
5- Haghighat Imaging and Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Introduction: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9 (DEE9) is caused by pathogenic variants in the PCDH19 gene. The clinical features include early-onset seizures that are often provoked by fever and display clustered seizures, mild to profound intellectual disability, autistic traits, and behavioral disturbances. DEE9 is characterized by an unusual X-linked pattern where heterozygous females or rarely mosaic hemizygous males are affected, but hemizygous males and homozygous females are asymptomatic. In recent years, an increasing number of female and male patients with PCDH19-related epilepsy and symptoms have been reported.
Methods & Results: Here, we report two additional female patients with DEE9 who are siblings. Whole exome sequencing revealed that these patients have a heterozygous frameshift variant (NM_001184880.2: c.1091delC, p.P364Rfs*4) in the PCDH19 gene. We also reviewed previously reported cases with this mutation in detail.
Conclusion: This is the first report of germline mosaicism in the PCDH19 gene in the Iranian population and expanded the phenotypic spectrum of DEE9. Genetic testing has become an effective way of determining the diagnosis. Parental germline mosaicism should be considered when providing genetic counseling for X-linked/autosomal dominant disorders. This report also provides an emphasis on the importance of considering prenatal diagnosis (PND) in such cases.
Methods & Results: Here, we report two additional female patients with DEE9 who are siblings. Whole exome sequencing revealed that these patients have a heterozygous frameshift variant (NM_001184880.2: c.1091delC, p.P364Rfs*4) in the PCDH19 gene. We also reviewed previously reported cases with this mutation in detail.
Conclusion: This is the first report of germline mosaicism in the PCDH19 gene in the Iranian population and expanded the phenotypic spectrum of DEE9. Genetic testing has become an effective way of determining the diagnosis. Parental germline mosaicism should be considered when providing genetic counseling for X-linked/autosomal dominant disorders. This report also provides an emphasis on the importance of considering prenatal diagnosis (PND) in such cases.
Keywords: Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 9, Epilepsy, PCDH19, Genetic, Germline mosaicism
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Cellular and molecular Neuroscience
Received: 2023/04/25 | Accepted: 2023/05/27
Received: 2023/04/25 | Accepted: 2023/05/27
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