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Atefeh Fadaei1 
, Mahmoud Najafi1 , Hossein Miladi-Gorji * 2, Mohammad Ali Tajik Mansoury3 , Mohammad Afkar4
, Mahmoud Najafi1 , Hossein Miladi-Gorji * 2, Mohammad Ali Tajik Mansoury3 , Mohammad Afkar4
1- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
2- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
3- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran.
4- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e Jam, Iran.
2- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
3- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran.
4- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat-e Jam, Iran.
Abstract:
Introduction: In this study, we investigated whether neurofeedback (NFB) training and swimming exercise would decrease the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and visual image-induced craving in methamphetamine (METH)-dependent patients.
Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial design. 32 METH-dependent patients were allocated randomly to four groups; control, NFB, Swim, and NFB/Swim. The EEG and visual image-induced craving were recorded before and after the intervention in all four groups.
Results: We found that the NFB, Swim, and NFB/Swim groups showed significantly lower absolute power for 4 frequency bands. Also, the swim and NFB/Swim groups had less and greater relative power in the alpha and delta bands, respectively. In addition, NFB/Swim group exhibited an increase in delta/alpha power ratio than the control and the NFB groups. Also, the NFB/Swim group showed a significant reduction in visual image-induced craving score than the control, swim, and NFB groups.
Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence that the NFB training along with swimming exercise during METH-abstinence was effective in the normalization of METH-induced EEG changes, which may help patients to manage their cravings.
Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial design. 32 METH-dependent patients were allocated randomly to four groups; control, NFB, Swim, and NFB/Swim. The EEG and visual image-induced craving were recorded before and after the intervention in all four groups.
Results: We found that the NFB, Swim, and NFB/Swim groups showed significantly lower absolute power for 4 frequency bands. Also, the swim and NFB/Swim groups had less and greater relative power in the alpha and delta bands, respectively. In addition, NFB/Swim group exhibited an increase in delta/alpha power ratio than the control and the NFB groups. Also, the NFB/Swim group showed a significant reduction in visual image-induced craving score than the control, swim, and NFB groups.
Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence that the NFB training along with swimming exercise during METH-abstinence was effective in the normalization of METH-induced EEG changes, which may help patients to manage their cravings.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Cognitive Neuroscience
Received: 2022/11/6 | Accepted: 2023/08/12
Received: 2022/11/6 | Accepted: 2023/08/12
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