Purpose: We evaluated the ability of muscle ultrasound (MUS), a non-invasive and simple tool, to distinguish between healthy subjects and individuals with inflammatory myopathy.
Methods: This study was conducted on 17 patients with recently diagnosed biopsy-proven inflammatory myopathies (12 dermatomyositis, five polymyositis) compared with 17 age- and gender-matched healthy control adults. All patients underwent clinical assessments, including manual muscle testing (MMT) and hand-held dynamometry, as well as MUS evaluations, including thickness and echointensity (EI) in predefined muscle groups.
Results: The disease duration was seven months (interquartile range: 3-11). Except for biceps and gastrocnemius, the patients' muscles had significantly higher EI and lower thickness in comparison with the controls, The EI sum-score manifested the highest area under curve (AUC) in comparison with the sum-scores of other variables (EI vs. MMT: AUCs-difference = 0.18, p < 0.01; EI vs. dynamometry: AUCs-difference = 0.14, p = 0.02; EI vs. thickness: AUCs-difference = 0.25, p < 0.01).
Conclusion: EI of muscles differed significantly between healthy individuals and those with inflammatory myopathies and may potentially serve as a useful diagnostic biomarker.

Keywords: Case-control study, Inflammatory myopathy, Imaging, Muscle ultrasound

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