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Park C, Lee Y, Kang C. Resting-state Functional Connectivity During Controlled Respiratory Cycles Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. BCN 2022; 13 (6) :855-864
URL: http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1784-en.html

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of controlled mouth breathing during the resting state using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Methods: Eleven subjects participated in this experiment in which the controlled “Nose” and “Mouth” breathings of 6 s respiratory cycle were performed with a visual cue at 3T MRI. Voxel-wise seed-to-voxel maps and whole-brain region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI connectome maps were analyzed in both “Nose>Mouth” and “Mouth>Nose” contrasts.
Results: As a result, there were more connection pairs in the “Mouth” breathing condition, i.e., 14 seeds and 14 connecting pairs in the “Mouth>Nose” contrast, compared to 7 seeds and 4 connecting pairs in the “Nose>Mouth” contrast (false discovery rate [FDR] of P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that mouth breathing with controlled respiratory cycles could significantly induce alterations in functional connectivity in the resting-state network, suggesting that it can differently affect resting brain function; in particular, the brain can hardly rest during mouth breathing, as opposed to conventional nasal breathing.