Introduction: The pattern of brain waves in primary insomniacs is different from healthy subjects. Studies have shown that binaural beats can alter the pattern of brain waves in healthy individuals, but the efficacy of binaural beats in altering the pattern of brain waves in primary insomniacs has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of theta binaural beat on the absolute power of theta activity in primary insomniacs.
Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial with experimental and control groups. Primary insomniacs received theta binaural beats in the experimental group and white noise in the control group. Their brain waves were recorded by EEG for 25 minutes, the first 5 minutes without stimulus (1^st block), 15 minutes after receiving stimulus (binaural beat or white noise), and the last 5 minutes without stimulus (5^th block). Matlab software (R2019a), EEGLAB toolbox and SPSS-24 were used for data analysis.
Results: The absolute power of theta activity in the experimental group was significantly higher in the last block comparing to the first block in all brain lobes (P< 0.05). The largest changes in theta activity were in temporal and parietal lobes, and the last one was in prefrontal lobe. In the control group, none of the brain lobes showed significant difference in the last block compared to the first block.
Conclusion: Theta binaural beat can alter the absolute power of theta activity in primary insomniacs. The implications of the study are discussed.

Keywords: Binaural beat, Electroencephalography (EEG), Primary insomnia, Theta brainwave

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