Showing 6 results for Type of Study: Methodological Notes
Tara Rezapour, Javad Hatami, Ali Farhoudian, Mehmet Sofuoglu, Alireza Noroozi, Reza Daneshmand, Ahmadreza Samiei, Hamed Ekhtiari,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Despite extensive evidence for cognitive deficits associated with drug use and multiple
publications supporting the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation treatment (CRT) services for drug
addictions, there are a few well-structured tools and organized programs to improve cognitive
abilities in substance users. Most published studies on cognitive rehabilitation for drug dependent
patients used rehabilitation tools, which have been previously designed for other types of brain
injuries such as schizophrenia or traumatic brain injuries and not specifically designed for drug
dependent patients. These studies also suffer from small sample size, lack of follow-up period
assessments and or comprehensive treatment outcome measures. To address these limitations,
we decided to develop and investigate the efficacy of a paper and pencil cognitive rehabilitation
package called NECOREDA (Neurocognitive Rehabilitation for Disease of Addiction) to improve
neurocognitive deficits associated with drug dependence particularly caused by stimulants (e.g.
amphetamine type stimulants and cocaine) and opiates. To evaluate the feasibility of NECOREDA
program, we conducted a pilot study with 10 opiate and methamphetamine dependent patients
for 3 months in outpatient setting. NECOREDA was revised based on qualitative comments
received from clients and treatment providers. Final version of NECOREDA is composed of brain
training exercises called “Brain Gym” and psychoeducational modules called “Brain Treasures”
which is implemented in 16 training sessions interleaved with 16 review and practice sessions.
NECOREDA will be evaluated as an add-on intervention to methadone maintenance treatment
in a randomized clinical trial among opiate dependent patients starting from August 2015. We
discuss methodological features of NECOREDA development and evaluation in this article.
Mohammad Azim Karami, Misagh Ansarian,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (1-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: This paper analyses the ability of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) for neural imaging. The current trend in the production of SPADs moves toward the minimumdark count rate (DCR) and maximum photon detection probability (PDP). Moreover, the jitter response which is the main measurement characteristic for the timing uncertainty is progressing.
Methods: The neural imaging process using SPADs can be performed by means of florescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), time correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).
Results: This trend will result in more precise neural imaging cameras. While achieving low DCR SPADs is difficult in deep submicron technologies because of using higher doping profiles, higher PDPs are reported in green and blue part of light. Furthermore, the number of pixels integrated in the same chip is increasing with the technology progress which can result in the higher resolution of imaging.
Conclusion: This study proposes implemented SPADs in Deep-submicron technologies to be used in neural imaging cameras, due to the small size pixels and higher timing accuracies.
Azar Yadegari, Mohammad Azim Karami, Mohammad Reza Daliri,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (5-2018)
Abstract
Implantable image sensors have several biomedical applications due to their miniature size, light weight, and low power consumption achieved through sub-micron standard CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technologies. The main applications are in specific cell labeling, neural activity detection, and biomedical imaging. In this paper the recent research studies on implantable CMOS image sensors for neural activity monitoring of brain are being quantified and reviewed. Based on the results, the suitable implantable image sensors for brain neural monitoring should have high signal to noise ratio of above 60 dB, high dynamic range of near 88 dB and low power consumption than the safety threshold of 4W/cm2. Moreover, it is found out that the next generation of implantable imaging device trend should reduce the pixel size and power consumption of CMOS image sensors to increase spatial resolution of sample images.
Sahar Sadeghi, Ali Maleki,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (9-2018)
Abstract
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that enables users to transmit commands to the computer using their brain activity recorded by electroencephalography. In a Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface (HBCI), a BCI control signal combines with one or more BCI control signals or with Human-Machine Interface (HMI) biosignals to increase classification accuracy, boost system speed, and improve user’s satisfaction. HBCI systems are categorized according to the type of combined signals and the combination technique (simultaneous or sequential). They have been used in several applications such as cursor control, target selection, and spellers. Increasing the number of articles published in this field indicates the significance of these systems. In this paper, different HBCI combinations, their important features, and potential applications are discussed. In most cases, the combination of a BCI control signal with a HMI biosignal yields higher information transfer rate than two BCI control signals.
Fariba Yadolahi, Mohammad Mohsen Roostayi, Minoo Khalkhali Zavieh, Abas Rahimi, Masoud Mehrpour, Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (5-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Stroke is one of the most debilitating diseases among adults worldwide and leads to persistent rehabilitation needs even at the chronic stage. Achieving good postural control is a critical requirement for daily activities which enhances quality of life (QoL) in patients with stroke. There is increasing evidence that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can be considered a promising adjunct technique to improve motor recovery after stroke. Evidence of augmented neuroplasticity after tDCS suggests that paired rehabilitation followed by consecutive use of tDCS may optimize recovery outcomes. Although a few randomized controlled trials have been conducted on upper limb rehabilitation in chronic stroke using tDCS, no study focused on balance training in chronic stroke patients. The present randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded clinical study addresses brain stimulation targeting postural control using tDCS in chronic stroke.
Methods: The study participants included chronic ischemic stroke individuals with postural control impairments who passed the exclusion criteria. Active or sham anodal tDCS was delivered to the lesioned leg motor cortex combined with balance training. The experimental group received active anodal tDCS stimulation (2 mA) for 20 min, daily for 5 days paired with balance training. Linear and nonlinear approaches were used to analyze postural sway changes pre-and post-intervention. Postural sway fluctuation, functional balance assessment using the Berg balance scale, and timed up-and-go test were conducted to compare the active and sham groups.
Conclusion: This trial could have significant implications for balance rehabilitation after stroke in the ambulatory setting. If effective, this novel approach may improve rehabilitation protocol in this population.
Fatemeh Abadi, Ali Reza Moradi, Hadi Zarafshan, Mohamad-Reza Mohamadi, Meysam Sadeghi,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (11-2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Interventions using ‘hybrid’ remediation/compensatory cognitive interventions may be beneficial to improving the socio-cognitive functioning of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies have shown that neurocognitive impairments in executive function (EF) and theory of mind (TOM) are specifically associated with ASD. The primary objective of the study is to determine the impact of the remediation and compensatory cognitive intervention on EFs and TOM abilities. The secondary objective is to evaluate TOM and EF behavioral domains due to the remediation and compensatory cognitive intervention.
Methods: A total of 75 children aged 4 to 7 years diagnosed with high-functioning autism and their parents will be recruited to this double-blind, multicenter, multi-arm randomized controlled trial. The primary outcomes are EFs and TOM as measured by the shape school, shape span test, TOM scale, TOM story books, TOM assessment checklist, and EFs assessment checklist. The secondary outcome is EFs and TOM behavioral domains as measured by the TOM behavior checklist and brief-preschool version at baseline (T0), post-test (T1), 1-month follow-up (T2), and 3-month follow-up (T3). Primary and secondary outcomes will be analyzed using repeated measures, such as an analysis of variance and a mixed model.
Conclusion: This study will assess whether the cognitive intervention program affects not only the neuropsychological functioning of children with ASD but also daily functioning. If the current trial shows that either the remediation or compensatory approaches effectively improve socio-cognitive functioning, the trial would reveal a ‘hybrid’ remediation/compensatory approach.
