Volume 9, Issue 3 (May & June 2018 2018)
BCN 2018, 9(3): 167-176 |
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Kazemi M, Sahraei H, Aliyari H, Tekieh E, Saberi M, Tavacoli H, et al . Effects of the Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on NMDA-Receptor Gene Expression and Visual Working Memory in Male Rhesus Macaques. BCN 2018; 9 (3) :167-176
URL: http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-993-en.html
URL: http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-993-en.html
Masoomeh Kazemi1 
, Hedayat Sahraei2 
, Hamed Aliyari2 , Elaheh Tekieh1 , Mehdi Saberi3 , Hassan Tavacoli * 1, Gholam Hossein Meftahi1 , Hossein Ghanaati4 , Maryam Salehi1 , Mostafa Hajnasrollah5
, Hedayat Sahraei2 , Hamed Aliyari2 , Elaheh Tekieh1 , Mehdi Saberi3 , Hassan Tavacoli * 1, Gholam Hossein Meftahi1 , Hossein Ghanaati4 , Maryam Salehi1 , Mostafa Hajnasrollah5
1- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
3- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Medical Imaging Centre, Imam Khomeini University Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
5- Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
2- Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
3- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Medical Imaging Centre, Imam Khomeini University Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
5- Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Introduction: The present research aimed to examine Visual Working Memory (VWM) test scores, as well as hormonal, genomic, and brain anatomic changes in the male rhesus macaques exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF).
Methods: Four monkeys were exposed to two different ELF-MF frequencies: 1 Hz (control) and 12 Hz (experiment) with 0.7 µT (magnitude) 4 h/d for 30 consecutive days. Before and after the exposure, VWM test was conducted using a coated devise on a movable stand. About 10 mL of the animals’ blood was obtained from their femoral vain and used to evaluate their melatonin concentration. Blood lymphocytes were used for assaying the expressions of N-Methyl-D-aspartate NMDA-receptor genes expression before and after ELF exposure. Anatomical changes of hippocampus size were also assessed using MRI images.
Results: Results indicated that VWM scores in primates exposed to 12 Hz frequency ELF increased significantly. Plasma melatonin level was also increased in these animals. However, these variables did not change in the animals exposed to 1 Hz ELF. At last, expression of the NMDA receptors increased at exposure to 12 Hz frequency. However, hippocampal volume did not increase significantly in the animals exposed to both frequencies.
Conclusion: In short, these results indicate that ELF (12 Hz) may have a beneficial value for memory enhancement (indicated by the increase in VWM scores). This may be due to an increase in plasma melatonin and or expression of NMDA glutamate receptors. However, direct involvement of the hippocampus in this process needs more research.
Methods: Four monkeys were exposed to two different ELF-MF frequencies: 1 Hz (control) and 12 Hz (experiment) with 0.7 µT (magnitude) 4 h/d for 30 consecutive days. Before and after the exposure, VWM test was conducted using a coated devise on a movable stand. About 10 mL of the animals’ blood was obtained from their femoral vain and used to evaluate their melatonin concentration. Blood lymphocytes were used for assaying the expressions of N-Methyl-D-aspartate NMDA-receptor genes expression before and after ELF exposure. Anatomical changes of hippocampus size were also assessed using MRI images.
Results: Results indicated that VWM scores in primates exposed to 12 Hz frequency ELF increased significantly. Plasma melatonin level was also increased in these animals. However, these variables did not change in the animals exposed to 1 Hz ELF. At last, expression of the NMDA receptors increased at exposure to 12 Hz frequency. However, hippocampal volume did not increase significantly in the animals exposed to both frequencies.
Conclusion: In short, these results indicate that ELF (12 Hz) may have a beneficial value for memory enhancement (indicated by the increase in VWM scores). This may be due to an increase in plasma melatonin and or expression of NMDA glutamate receptors. However, direct involvement of the hippocampus in this process needs more research.
Type of Study: Original |
Subject:
Computational Neuroscience
Received: 2017/07/23 | Accepted: 2018/01/1 | Published: 2018/05/1
Received: 2017/07/23 | Accepted: 2018/01/1 | Published: 2018/05/1
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