Volume 14, Issue 1 (January & February 2023)                   BCN 2023, 14(1): 1-18 | Back to browse issues page


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1- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
3- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
5- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:  
A patient with epilepsy was shown to have neurobiological, psychological, cognitive, and social issues as a result of recurring seizures, which is regarded as a chronic brain disease. However, despite numerous drug treatments, approximately, 30%-40% of all patients are resistant to antiepileptic drugs. Therefore, newer therapeutic modalities are introduced into clinical practice which involve neurostimulation and direct stimulation of the brain. Hence, we review published literature on vagus nerve stimulation, trigeminal nerve stimulation, applying responsive stimulation systems, and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in animals and epileptic patient with an emphasis on drug-resistant epilepsy. 
Type of Study: Review | Subject: Behavioral Neuroscience
Received: 2022/07/6 | Accepted: 2022/10/18 | Published: 2023/01/1

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