2024-03-29T14:34:09+04:30 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=7&slc_lang=en&sid=1
7-139 2024-03-29 10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 Editorial: New Iranian Strategic Plan on Addiction Biology Studies Has a Clear Message for Neuroscientists “Your Help is Seriously Needed” Hamed Ekhtiari Mohammad-Taghi Joghataei Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast The fifth Iranian national congress on the biology of addiction was held in 22-24 June 2011 in Tehran University of Medical Sciences with over 100 valuable oral and poster presentations and over 300 participants. One of the main sessions of the congress was devoted to a national strategic planning and Iranian Drug Control Head Quarter (DCHQ) introducing the first national executive road map on research into the biology of addiction. The road map will serve as a part of national strategic plan on addiction studies in Iran. As the main contributors in the preparation of the map, we think neuroscientists have to play a unique role in implementation of this map. We believe that the studies into the biology of addiction can act as a pivotal turning point to promote neuroscience in Iran regarding the governmental focus and public demand on addiction prevention and treatment. In this editorial, we will elucidate a general schema of the map, focusing more on potential opportunities for neuroscientists, and discuss new hopes, needs and challenges that we would be facing in the future to take advantage of addiction related opportunities to study neuroscience in both national and international levels. Strategic Planning Addiction Biology Studies Neuroscience 2011 4 01 3 4 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-139-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 Human Laboratory Settings for Assessing Drug Craving Implications for the Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy Zahra Alam Mehrjerdi Azarakhsh Mokri Hamed Ekhtiari Research on assessing craving in laboratory settings often involves inducing and then measuring craving in subjects. Cue-induced craving is studied in laboratory settings using the cue reactivity paradigm, in which drug-related photos, videos, evocative scripts, olfactory cues, and paraphernalia may induce craving. Cue-induced craving evoked by drug-related stimuli could be associated with relapse and recurrence of drug addiction. In this article, the authors review different methods of assessing craving in laboratory settings and explain how human laboratory settings can bridge the gap between randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and animal models on pharmacological treatments for drug dependence. The brief reviewed literature provides strong evidence that laboratory-based studies of craving may improve our understanding of how subjective reports of drug craving are related to objective measures of drug abuse and laboratory settings provide an opportunity to measure the degree to which they co-vary during pharmacological interventions. This issue has important implications inclinical studies. Addiction Assessment Cue-Induced Craving Drug Laboratory Settingsits 2011 4 01 5 11 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease in Human Using Voice Signals Hamid Karimi Rouzbahani Mohammad Reza Daliri A full investigation into the features extracted from voice signals of people with and without Parkinson’s disease was performed. A total of 31 people with and without the disease participated in the data collection phase. Their voice signals were recorded and processed. The relevant features were then extracted. A variety of feature selection methods have been utilized resulting in a good performance for the diagnosis of Parkinson. These features were fed to different classifiers so as to be let them decide whether the subjects have the disease or not. Three different classifiers were used in order to bring about a valid classification performance on the given data. The classification performances were compared with one another and showed that the best performance obtained using the KNN classifier with a correct rate of 0.9382. This result reveals that the use of proposed feature selection method results in a desirable precision for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The performances were assessed from different points of view, providing different aspects of the diagnosis, from which the physicians are able to choose one with higher accuracy in the diagnosis.    Classification Dysarthria Feature selection Evaluation Parkinson’s disease (PD). 2011 4 01 12 20 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 Effect of Mozart Music on Hippocampal Content of BDNF in Postnatal Rats Mohsen Marzban Ali Shahbazi Mahdi Tondar Mansooreh Soleimani Masoomeh Bakhshayesh Arash Moshkforoush Mehdi Sadati Siamak Alizadeh Zendehrood Mohammad Taghi Joghataei Introduction: It has shown that listening to Mozart music can potentiate spatial tasks in human and reduce seizure attacks in epileptic patients. A few studies have reported the effects of prenatal plus postpartum exposure of mice to the Mozart music on brain-drived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Here we investigated the effect of postpartum exposure to The Mozart music on BDNF concentration in the hippocampus of rat.Methods: Thirty male one day old newborn Wistar rats divided randomly in two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group exposed to slow rhythm Mozart music (Mozart Sonata for two pianos KV 448, 6 hour per day sound pressure levels, between 80 and 100 dB) for 60 successive days. The control group was kept in separate room with housing conditions like experimental group except music exposure. After 60 days the rats were euthanized and hippocampuses extracted then the content of BDNF protein was measured using ELISA sandwich method. Results: Data analysis revealed that rats exposed to Mozart Sonata music had significantly increased BDNF content in the hippocampus as compared to control rats (P±0.01). The concentrations of BDNF were 86.30±2.26 and 94.60 ±6.22 ng/g wet weight in control and music exposure groups respectively.Discussion: Exposure to the Mozart music early in life can increase the BDNF concentration in the hippocampus in rats. Mozart Music BDNF Hippocampus Rat 2011 4 01 21 26 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 The Impact of Hydrochloride Heroin on Mental Flexibility, Abstract Reasoning, Impulsivity, and Attention Zahra Alam Mehrjerdi Sara Bakhshi Siavash Jafari Afsaneh Moradi Hamed Ekhtiari Introduction: Drug addiction could lead to severe impairments in executive and neurocognitive functions but study on the impact of hydrochloride heroin on executive functions has remained in infancy in Iran. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between addiction to hydrochloride heroin and executive functioning in several cognitive domains including mental flexibility, abstract reasoning, impulsivity, and attention. Methods: A total of 60 cases of young male addicts aged 18 to 21 were recruited from outpatient addiction clinics in Karaj city and were matched with 60 non-drug using controls. A test battery including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Porteus Maze Test (PMQS), Serial Seven Subtraction Test (SSST), and Color Trails Test (CTT) were administered respectively. Results: The patient group showed more problems in impulse control compared with the control group, while mental flexibility, abstract reasoning and attention were not affected. Discussion: The findings indicated that addiction to hydrochloride heroin had a negative effect on impulse control. This issue could reflect the role of impaired inhibitory control on drug-seeking behaviors and relapse. Special treatment programs must be tailored to control impulsivity among addicts to hydrochloride heroin during treatment. Addiction AttentionExecutive Functions Hydrochloride Heroin Impulsivity. 2011 4 01 27 32 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 A Gray-Box Neural Network Model of Parkinson’s Disease Using Gait Signal Yashar Sarbaz Shahriar Gharibzadeh daliri@iust.ac.ir Farzad Towhidkhah Masood Banaie Ayyoob Jafari In this study, we focused on the gait of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and presented a gray box model for it. We tried to present a model for basal ganglia structure in order to generate stride time interval signal in model output for healthy and PD states. Because of feedback role of dopamine neurotransmitter in basal ganglia, this part is modelled by “Elman Network”, which is a neural network structure based on a feedback relation between each layer. Remaining parts of the basal ganglia are modelled with feed-forward neural networks. We first trained the model with a healthy person and a PD patient separately. Then, in order to extend the model generality, we tried to generate the behaviour of all subjects of our database in the model. Hence, we extracted some features of stride signal including mean, variance, fractal dimension and five coefficients from spectral domain. With adding 10% tolerance to above mentioned neural network weights and using genetic algorithm, we found proper parameters to model every person in the used database. The following points may be regarded as clues for the acceptability of our model in simulating the stride signal: the high power of the network for simulating normal and patient states, high ability of the model in producing the behaviour of different persons in normal and patient cases, and the similarities between the model and physiological structure of basal ganglia.   Basal Ganglia Artificial Neural Network Genetic Algorithm Simulation 2011 4 01 33 42 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 Concentration-Effect Relationship of Intrapritoneal Administration of 1, 25 (OH) 2-Vitamin D in a Chronic Constriction Model of Neuropathic Pain Farinaz Nasirinezhad Ehsan Ramezanian Mahsa Sadeghi Introduction:  Results: These findings revealed the exaggerated responses in the group which received CCI. The group which was treated by 1 μg/kg of 1,25 vit D3 showed a significant reduction in pain behavior. Injection of 1,25 vit D3 did not change the response of animals to the acetone drop and von frey filament. Discussion: Our results showed that antinoceptive effect of 1,25 vit D3 in a rodent neuropathic pain model is dose dependent and this vitamin may provide new approach for treatment of chronic pain.The presence of nuclear receptors of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25 vit D3), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, in neurons and glial cells indicates the biological effect of this vitamin in the nervous system. The present experiment was conducted to identify the effects of different doses of 1,25 vit D3 on mechanical and cold allodynia in rodent model of neuropatinc pain. Methods: A mononeuropathy was produced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. 1,25 vit D3 (0.3, 0.6 ,1 μg/Kg) was administered by an i.p. injection every 2 days during a month after CCI. Mechanical and cold allodynia were evaluated by Von frey filament and acetone respectively. 1 25 Dihydroxy Vitamin D Chronic Constriction Injury Chronic pain Rat. 2011 4 01 43 50 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 The Effect of the Flavonoid Quercetin on Pain Sensation in Diabetic Rats Jamshid Narenjkar Mehrdad Roghani Hanieh Alambeygi Farnoosh Sedaghati Introduction: Hyperalgesia is considered as one of the marked signs of subchronic diabetes mellitus in patients that could affect their lifestyle. This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of chronic administration of quercetin in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats using formalin and hot tail immersion tests. Methods: Rats were divided into control, control or diabetic groups receiving sodium salicylate, untreated diabetic, and quercetin-treated control and diabetic groups. The treatment groups received i.p. administration of quercetin at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 6 weeks. Finally, hyperalgesia were assessed using standard formalin and hot tail immersion tests. Meanwhile, some markers of oxidative stress were also measured in brain tissue.Results: Quercetin or SS treatment of diabetic rats significantly reduced pain score in chronic phase of formalin test (p<0.05). Regarding hot tail immersion test, diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in tail flick latency as compared to control ones (p<0.05) and quercetin treatment of diabetic rats did significantly increase this latency relative to untreated diabetics (p<0.05). Quercetin treatment of diabetic rats also significantly decreased brain level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) and nitrite (p<0.05) and slightly increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) relative to diabetics. Discussion: Taken together, chronic administration of quercetin could attenuate nociceptive score in chronic phase of formalin test in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and could also increase threshold of thermal nociception.   Quercetin Diabetes Mellitus Antinociception Formalin Test Hot Tail Immersion Test Oxidative Stressof 2011 4 01 51 57 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 Demographic Variables and Selective, Sustained Attention and Planning through Cognitive Tasks among Healthy Adults Afsaneh Zarghi Zali A Tehranidost M Mohammad Reza Zarindast Ashrafi F Doroodgar Khodadadi Introduction: Cognitive tasks are considered to be applicable and appropriate in assessing cognitive domains. The purpose of our study is to determine the relationship existence between variables of age, sex and education with selective, sustained attention and planning abilities by means of computerized cognitive tasks among healthy adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented during 6 months from June to November, 2010 on 84 healthy adults (42 male and 42 female). The whole participants performed computerized CPT, STROOP and TOL tests after being content and trained. Results: The obtained data indicate that there is a significant correlation coefficient between age, sex and education variables (p<0.05). Discussion: The above-mentioned tests can be used to assess selective, sustained attention and planning. Demographics Planning Selective Attention Sustained Attention. 2011 4 01 58 67 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 Clinical Applications of Electroencephalogram in Children Wael Khreisat Introduction: To obtain a baseline for clinical application of Electroencephalography in children and to evaluate the Electroencephalography findings in children with various acute and chronic CNS disorders and non epileptic events.Methods: electroencephalography Electroencephalography records of 250 patients were studied in neurophysiology departments of Queen Rania AL-Abdullah Hospital for children in Jordan. For each patient who had undergone Electroencephalography the following data were recorded: age, sex, source of referral (inpatient or outpatient department), reason for electroencephalography Electroencephalography , diagnostic impressions, clinical presentation, the result of the Electroencephalography examinations and clinical correlation between the seizure type and Electroencephalography finding.Results: Males slightly outnumbered females: 55% males. The majority of cases were Electroencephalography between 6-12 years, Total of 63.2 % of all referrals for Electroencephalography were from outpatient clinics while inpatients accounted for 36.8% of referred cases, with pediatric neurology department referrals being the highest (28.8 %). majority of diagnosis at referral were suspected epilepsy (80%)with epileptiform Electroencephalography abnormalities in 32%. Over all 64 % the Electroencephalography records were normal, including all Electroencephalography records of children with syncope and headache. Discussion: We conclude that there are many unnecessary routine Electroencephalography recordings in children. Investigation of epilepsy and acute encephalopathies appear to be the most valuable indications for routine pediatric Electroencephalography . Electroencephalography can be helpful in classification of seizures. Finding a way to reduce Electroencephalography requests is recommended. Epilepsy Electroencephalography Paroxysmal Event 2011 4 01 68 72 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2011 2 3 A Glance at Psychophysics Software Programs Ali Yoonessi Ahmad Yoonessi Visual stimulation with precise control of stimulus has transformed the field of psychophysics since the introduction of personal computers. Luminance and chromatic features of stimulus, timing, and position of the stimulus are the main features that could be defined using programs written specifically for psychophysical experiments. In this manuscript, software used for the psychophysical experiments have been reviewed and evaluated for ease of use, license, popularity, and expandability. 2011 4 01 73 75 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf