2024-03-29T09:21:00+04:30
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=43&slc_lang=en&sid=1
43-980
2024-03-29
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2018
9
6
Effects of Jobelyn® on Isoniazid-Induced Seizures, Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Glutamate Decarboxylase Activity in Mice
Stephen
Asehinde
hapler4real2001@gmail.com
Abayomi
Ajayi
yomexj@yahoo.com
Adewale
Bakre
jasbe2000@yahoo.com
Osarume
Omorogbe
omorogbeosarume@yahoo.com
Adaeze
Adebesin
Solomon
Umukoro
umusolo@yahoo.com
Introduction: Isoniazid-induced seizure, often described as Status Epilepticus (SE), is an emergency condition characterized by repeated convulsive episodes that responds poorly to the currently available anticonvulsant drugs. The current study aimed at ascertaining the effect of Jobelyn® (JB), an African dietary supplement, on seizures, altered oxidative stress, and glutamate decarboxylase activity induced by isoniazid in mice.
Methods: A total of 6 mice received JB (10-50 mg/kg, PO), pyridoxine (300 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), or distilled water (10 mL/kg) 30 minutes prior to the induction of SE with injection of isoniazid (300 mg/kg, IP). Thereafter, the mice were observed for the onset of convulsions for a period of two hours. Moreover, the effect of JB on Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) activity and biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione and malondialdehyde) was also evaluated in the brain homogenates of another set of isoniazid-treated mice.
Results: JB (50 mg/kg, PO) prolonged the latency to convulsions, but could not prevent the occurrence of seizure episodes caused by isoniazid. Moreover, JB neither showed any protection against death nor delayed the latency to death caused by isoniazid. However, this dose of JB positively modulated the concentrations of malondialdehyde and glutathione in the brains of mice treated with isoniazid. The activity of GAD, the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis, increased by JB, which suggested enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission.
Conclusion: The current study findings suggest that JB prolongs the latency to convulsions, enhances GABAergic neurotransmission, and demonstrates anti-oxidative effect in isoniazid-treated mice.
Sorghum bicolor
Seizures
Isoniazid
Glutamate decarboxylase
GABA
2018
11
01
389
396
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-980-en.pdf
10.32598/bcn.9.6.389
43-978
2024-03-29
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2018
9
6
Sleep Architecture and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity in Paradoxical and Psychophysiological Insomnia
Hiwa
Mohammadi
hiwa.mohamadi@gmail.com
Mohammad
Rezaei
mohammad.rezaei@kums.ac.ir
Seyed Mojtaba
Amiri
sm.amiri@yahoo.com
Zohreh
Rahimi
rahimizus@yahoo.com
Kamran
Mansouri
kmansouri@kums.ac.ir
Habibolah
Khazaie
hakhazaie@gmail.com
Introduction: There are controversial reports about association between sleep and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) activity. Studies have reported the influence of insomnia on HPA hormones. However, they usually ignored the heterogeneity of insomnia symptoms, so subtypes of the disorder have not been considered in the reports. The present study aimed to investigate the final and intermediate products of HPA system among a group of psychophysiological and paradoxical insomniac patients in comparison to a group of normal sleepers.
Methods: We investigated the awakening serum level of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and cortisol after one night Polysomnography (PSG) in 17 subjects with psychophysiological insomnia, 19 subjects with paradoxical insomnia and 17 subjects with normal sleep profile. Groups were matched for age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Serum levels of ACTH and cortisol were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.
Results: Although, a tendency toward elevation of both ACTH and cortisol was observed among patients with paradoxical insomnia compared to both control and psychophysiological insomnia, the differences were not significant comparing three groups. According to regression analysis, higher Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep (NREM) arousal and Pulse Transit Time (PTT) significantly predicted higher level of ACTH.
Conclusion: These findings could suggest the personality traits hypothesis for paradoxical insomnia. Both cortical and subcortical arousal could lead to more HPA activity and higher ACTH level. Further studies are recommended to confirm the hypothesis.
Cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Sleep disorder
Insomnia
2018
11
01
397
407
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-978-en.pdf
10.32598/bcn.9.6.397
43-826
2024-03-29
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2018
9
6
Effect of Co-administration of Bumetanide and Phenobarbital on Seizure Attacks in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Reza
Rahmanzadeh
fgolab520@gmail.com
Soraya
Mehrabi
fgolab520@gmail.com
Mahmood
Barati
fgolab520@gmail.com
Milad
Ahmadi
fgolab520@gmail.com
Fereshteh
Golab
Fgolab520@gmail.com
Sareh
Kazmi
fgolab520@gmail.com
Mohammad Taghi
Joghataei
mt.joghataei@yahoo.com
Morteza
Seifi
fgolab520@gmail.com
Mazaher
Gholipourmalekabadi
fgolab520@gmail.com
Introduction: The resistance of temporal lobe epilepsy to classic drugs is thought to be due to disruption in the excitation/inhibition of this pathway. Two chloride transporters, NKCC1 and KCC2, are expressed differently for the excitatory state of Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). The present study explored the effect of bumetanide as a selective NKCC1 inhibitor either alone or in combination with the phenobarbital in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy.
Methods: An animal model of Status Epilepticus (SE) was induced with pilocarpine in Wistar male rats followed by phenobarbital and or bumetanide or saline administration for 45 days after the induction of SE by Intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The rats were monitored, their behavior was recorded, and after 24 hours they were sacrificed to study the expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 using real time PCR.
Results: The data showed that the effects of a combination of bumetanide with phenobarbital on frequency rate and duration of seizure attack were more than those of the phenobarbital alone. In addition, in the bumetanide and combined treatment groups, NKCC1 expression decreased significantly, compared with untreated epileptic animals. A delayed decrement in NKCC1/KCC2 expression ratio after bumetanide application was also observed.
Conclusion: The combination of bumetanide with phenobarbital increases the inhibition of SE and maximizes the potential of GABA signaling pathway, and can be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in patients with epilepsy.
Bumetanide
KCC2
NKCC1
Phenobarbital
Temporal lobe epilepsy
2018
11
01
408
416
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-826-en.pdf
10.32598/bcn.9.6.408
43-904
2024-03-29
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2018
9
6
rCBV- and ADC-based Grading of Meningiomas With Glimpse Into Emerging Molecular Diagnostics
Seema
Rohilla
seemarohilla@yahoo.co.in
Harender
K. Garg
hkgarghcms@gmail.com
Ishwar
Singh
drishwarsingh@yahoo.co.in
Rohtas
K Yadav
rohtasyadav@yahoo.com
Dhara
B. Dhaulakhandi
BTMM.submissions@gmail.com
Introduction: This study was conducted to grade meningiomas based on relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) to help surgeons plan the approach and extent of operation as well as decide on the need of any adjuvant radio/chemo therapy. The current and evolving genomic, proteomic, and spectroscopic technologies are also discussed which can supplement the current radiologic methods and procedures in grading meningiomas.
Methods: A total of 35 patients with meningioma prospectively underwent basic MR sequences (T1W, T2W, T2W/FLAIR) in axial, sagittal and coronal planes followed by Diffusion Weighted (DW) imaging having b value of 1000 (minimum ADC values used for analysis). Then, gadobenate dimeglumine/meglumine gadoterate was administered (0.1 mmol/kg at a rate of 4 mL/s) followed by saline flush (20 mL at a rate of 4 mL/s). Next, T2*W/FFE dynamic images were acquired; dynamics showing maximum fall in intensity was used for creating rCBV and relative Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) maps and calculating rCBV.
Results: Both maximum rCBV and minimum ADC within the tumor were not significant for differentiating benign from malignant meningiomas. A cut-off maximum rCBV of 2.5 mL/100 g in peritumoral edema was 75% sensitive, 84.6% specific, and 83.3% accurate in differentiating benign from malignant meningiomas.
Conclusion: Benign and malignant meningiomas can be differentiated based on maximum rCBV in peritumoral edema but ADC values within the tumor are insignificant in differentiating benign and malignant tumors. rCBV values within tumor, however, may be helpful in subtyping meningiomas, especially transitional and meningothelial meningiomas.
Meningioma grading
Relative Cerebral Blood Volume
Apparent diffusion coefficient
Genomic
Proteomics
2018
11
01
417
428
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-904-en.pdf
10.32598/bcn.9.6.417
43-908
2024-03-29
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2018
9
6
Genetic Variations of DAOA (rs947267 and rs3918342) and COMT Genes (rs165599 and rs4680) in Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder
Leila
Ahmadi
leilookahmadi@gmail.com
Seyed Reza
Kazemi Nezhad
kazemi_reza@yahoo.de
Parisima
Behbahani
behbahani.p@scu.ac.ir
Nilofar
Khajeddin
khajeddinn@gmail.com
Mehdi
Pourmehdi-Boroujeni
pourmehdim@yahoo.com
Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Many reports confirm that several common genes are connected with these two psychotic disorders. Several neurotransmitters may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to estimate the role of two talent genes: DAOA in neurotransmission of glutamate and COMT in neurotransmission of dopamine to guide the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Methods: Blood samples (n=100 for schizophrenia, n=100 for bipolar I disorder and n=127 for case control) were collected from individuals unrelated in the southwest of Iran. The SNPs (rs947267 and rs3918342 for DAOA gene/ rs165599 and rs4680 for COMT gene) were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. Our finding was studied by logistic regression and Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square tests.
Results: We observed an association in rs3918342, rs165599 and rs4680 single nucleotide polymorphisms and schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. In addition, our data demonstrated that the rs947267 was related to bipolar I disorder but there was no association between this SNP and schizophrenia.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this result supports the hypothesis that variations in DAOA and COMT genes may play a role in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Catechol-O-methyltransferase
D-amino acid oxidase activator
Genetics
Schizophrenic disorders
Bipolar disorder
2018
11
01
429
438
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-908-en.pdf
10.32598/bcn.9.6.429
43-991
2024-03-29
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2018
9
6
Early Posterior Negativity as Facial Emotion Recognition Index in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Mahdiyeh
Sarraf-Razavi
ma.sarafrazavi@gmail.com
Mehdi
Tehrani-Doost
tehranid@tums.ac.ir
Farnaz
Ghassemi
ghassemi@aut.ac.ir
Mohammad Ali
Nazari
nazaripsycho@yahoo.com
Zohreh
Ziatabar Ahmadi
ziatabar.ahmadi@gmail.com
Introduction: Studies indicate that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have deficits in social and emotional functions. It can be hypothesized that these children have some deficits in early stages of facial emotion discrimination. Based on this hypothesis, the present study investigated neural correlates of early visual processing during emotional face recognition in this group compared with typically developing children using the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs).
Methods: Nineteen boys between the ages of 7 and 11 years diagnosed with ADHD (Combined type) based on DSM-IV-TR classification were compared with 19 typically developing children matched on age and gender. The participants performed an emotional face recognition task while their brain activities were recorded using the event-related potentials procedure.
Results: A significant reduction in the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) for happy and angry faces has been revealed in ADHD children compared to normal ones (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study supports the notion that individuals with ADHD have some impairments in early stage of emotion processing which can leading to their misinterpretation of emotion in faces.
Emotional face recognition
Event-Related Potentials (ERP)
Early Posterior Negativity (EPN)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
2018
11
01
439
447
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-991-en.pdf
10.32598/bcn.9.6.439
43-1043
2024-03-29
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2018
9
6
Cognitive Process in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study
Saeid
Yazdi-Ravandii
saeid_yazdiravandi@yahoo.com
Farshid
Shamsaei
shamsaei68@yahoo.com
Nasrin
Matinnia
Nasrinmatinnia@yahoo.com
Jamal
Shams
saeid_yazdiravandi@yahoo.com
Abbas
Moghimbeigi
moghiimb@yahoo.com
Ali
Ghaleiha
Alighaleiha@yahoo.uk.co
Mohammad
Ahmadpanah
m1ahmad2000@gmail.com
Introduction: In recent studies, deficit in cognitive process has been investigated as one of the etiological hypotheses in a wide range of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This research aimed to compare cognitive process in patients with OCD and healthy groups.
Methods: In the current cross-sectional analytic study, 43 patients with OCD and 43 healthy individuals matched with gender, age, educational and marital status were selected by convenience sampling method and assessed by Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The obtained data were analyzed with Chi-square, Independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation in SPSS version16.
Results: There was no difference between the patients with OCD and the healthy group in demographic characteristics (P>0.05). There was a significant differences between two group on the all subscale of WCST test and PASAT3, PASAT2 tests (P<0.01). These findings indicate that the OCD patient’s performance in cognitive process was significantly worse than the healthy controls.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that individuals with OCD suffer from a deficiency in various aspects of cognitive processes. Therefore, paying attention to these deficiencies can make an important contribution to the treatment of these patients.
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Cognitive process
Information processing
2018
11
01
448
457
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1043-en.pdf
10.32598/bcn.9.6.448
43-744
2024-03-29
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2018
9
6
Different Expressions of Specific Transcription Factors of Th1 (T-bet) and Th2 cells (GATA-3) by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Zahra
Etesam
zahraeatesam@gmail.com
Maryam
Nemati
nemati_m22@yahoo.com
Mohammad-Amin
Ebrahimizadeh
Amin.68.2@gmail.com
Hossain-Ali
Ebrahimi
hebrahimi@kmu.ac.ir
Hossain
Hajghani
h_hajghani@yahoo.com
Tahereh
Khalili
taherehkha2131@yahoo.com
Abdollah
Jafarzadeh
Jafarzadeh14@yahool.com
Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder caused by self-reactive Th1 lymphocytes, while Th2 cells may confer protection. The Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation are regulated by specific transcription factors, especially T-bet and GATA-3, respectively. This investigation aimed to measure the T-bet and GATA-3 expression by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) obtained from MS patients after specific and non-specific in vitro stimulation.
Methods: The PBMCs were separated from 22 patients with MS and 20 healthy individuals. They were cultured at 37°C for 24 h in the absence of a stimulator or in the presence of Myelin oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) or Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Then the T-bet and GATA-3 expression was measured by real time-PCR.
Results: The T-bet expression was enhanced, while the GATA-3 expression diminished. Therefore the expression of T-bet/GATA-3 ratio diminished in not-stimulated, MOG-stimulated and PHA-stimulated PBMCs from MS patients compared with equal cultures from the healthy individuals (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01, for T-bet; P<0.03, P<0.01 and P<0.02, for GATA-3; P<0.01, P<0.001 and P<0.01 for T-bet/GATA-3 ratio, respectively). The not-stimulated, MOG-stimulated, and PHA-stimulated PBMCs from men with MS expressed higher amounts of GATA-3 than equal cells from MS women (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: These results probably indicate an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cells in the level of transcription factors with a tendency toward Th1 cells in MS. The clinical utilization of the transcription factors as novel biomarkers of MS should be evaluated in further studies.
Multiple Sclerosis
Th1
Th2
T-bet
GATA-3
2018
11
01
458
469
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.pdf
10.32598/bcn.9.6.458