2024-03-28T20:39:52+04:30
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=23&slc_lang=en&sid=1
23-568
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
Potential Application of Novel DNA Editing Techniques in Translational Neuroscience
Masoud
Shekarabi
masoud.shekarabi@temple.edu
No abstract is provided.
gene editing
translation neuroscience
2015
2
01
4
5
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-568-en.pdf
23-451
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Purkinje and Granule Cells Distribution of the Rat Cerebellum in 21 and 28 days of Postnatal Life
Elahe
Mirarab Razi
e.mirarab_06@yahoo.com
Soraya
Ghafari
sorayaghafari@yahoo.com.au
Mohammad Jafar
Golalipour
mjgolalipour@yahoo.com
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is associated with nervous system alterations in both human and animal models. This study was done to determine the effect of gestational diabetes on the Purkinje and granular cells in the cerebellum of rat offspring.
Methods: 10 Wistar rats Dams were randomly allocated in control and diabetic group. The experimental group received 40 mg/kg/body weight of streptozotocin (STZ) at the first day of gestation and control groups received saline injection intraperitoneally (IP). Six male offsprings of gestational diabetic mothers and control dams, at the 21, 28 postnatal days were randomly scarified and coronal sections of cerebellum (6 micrometer) serially collected. The neurons were stained with cresyl violet.
Results: The Purkinje cells density in the apex and depth of cerebellum in P21, in the experimental group was reduced 23% and 15% in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). The granular cells density in the experimental group was reduced 19.58% and 18.3% in comparison with the controls (P<0.001). The Purkinje cells density of cerebellum in P28, in the diabetic group reduced to 22.12% and 12.62% in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). The granular cells density in the diabetic group reduced 17.14% and 16.12% in comparison with the control group (P<0.001).
Discussion: The Purkinje and granular cells significantly reduced in gestational diabetes rat offspring.
Gestational diabetes
Cerebellum
Purkinje cell
Granular cell
Rat
2015
2
01
6
13
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-451-en.pdf
23-585
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
Effect of Increase in Amplitude of Occipital Alpha & Theta Brain Waves on Global Functioning Level of Patients with GAD
Mohsen
Dadashi
Behrooz
Birashak
Farhad
Taremian
Ali Asghar
Asgarnejad
Saeed
Momtazi
Introduction: The basic objective of this study is to investigate the effects of alpha and theta
brain waves amplitude increase in occipital area on reducing the severity of symptoms of
generalized anxiety disorder and to increase the global functioning level in patients with GAD. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with two groups.
For this purpose, 28 patients who had been referred to Sohrawardi psychiatric and clinical
psychology center in Zanjan were studied based on the interview with the psychiatrist, clinical
psychologist and using clinical diagnostic criteria for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders text revision - the DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition diagnosis of GAD, 14 subjects
were studied in neurofeedback treatment group and 14 subjects in the waiting list group. Patients
in both groups were evaluated at pre-test and post-test with General Anxiety Disorder Scale
(GAD-7) and Global Assessment Functioning Scale (GAFs). The treatment group received
fifteen 30-minute alpha training sessions and fifteen 30-minute theta brain training sessions
in occipital area by neurofeedback training (treatment group). This evaluation was performed
according to the treatment protocol to increase the alpha and theta waves. And no intervention
was done in the waiting list group. But due to ethical issues after the completion of the study all
the subjects in the waiting list group were treated. Results: The results showed that increase of alpha and theta brain waves amplitude in occipital
area in people with GAD can increase the global functioning level and can reduce symptoms
of generalized anxiety disorder in a treatment group, but no such change was observed in the
waiting list group. Discussion: Increase of alpha and theta brain waves amplitude in occipital area can be useful in
the treatment of people with GAD.
Increase of alpha brain wave amplitude
Increase of theta brain wave amplitude
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
2015
2
01
14
20
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-585-en.pdf
23-499
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
Effects of Venlafaxine & Methadone Alone and in Combination with Spontaneous Morphine withdrawal Syndrome & Pain Sensation in Rats
Meisam
Fadaei-kenarsary
fadaei.m@ajums.ac.ir
Yaghoob
Farbood
farbood-y@ajums.ac.ir
Seyed Mohammad Taghi
Mansouri
mansouri-m@ajums.ac.ir
Hadi
Fathi Moghaddam
hfmoghaddam@ajums.ac.ir
Introduction: Methadone has been used as a drug to detoxify opioid tolerance. Naloxane
precipitated morphine withdrawal behaviours were attenuated by venlafaxine as an antidepressant.
On the contrary, after detoxifying the opioids, spontaneous withdrawal syndrome may occur with
pain sensitivity. Therefore the present study aimed to examine the effects of chronic methadone
(70 mg/kg, in drinking water, 7 days), venlafaxine (80 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally, 7 days) and
their combinations with the spontaneous morphine withdrawal syndrome and pain sensitivity. Methods: Twenty eight young male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4
groups: control, venlafaxine treated, methadone treated and venlafaxine + methadone treated.
Morphine sulfate (10 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously, 4 days) was injected to all animals. Then
primary withdrawal behaviours and tail flick test were performed. The test was then followed
by methadone or its vehicle administration. Second intervention was venlafaxine or its vehicle
injection. Then final withdrawal behaviours and tail flick test were performed. Results: Combination of chronic methadone substitution and venlafaxine administration,
significantly reduced freezing behaviour of spontaneous morphine withdrawal syndrome
(p<0.01, 379±144%). Chronic methadone administration (p<0.05, 35±8% difference with
venlafaxine treated group) induced hyperalgesia. A positive correlation (p=0.001, +63%) was
observed between the animals final freezing scores and their response latencies to the painful
stimulus. Discussion: Combination of chronic methadone and venlafaxine administrations reduces
freezing withdrawal behaviour. Further investigations on analgesic interventions are needed to
overcome this hyperalgesia.
Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome
Methadone
Venlafaxine
Pain
Rat.
2015
2
01
21
28
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-499-en.pdf
23-453
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
Effect of Cinnamomum Verum Extract on the Amyloid Formation of Hen Egg-white Lysozyme and Study of its Possible Role in Alzheimer’s Disease
Hassan
Ramshini
hramshini@ibb.ut.ac.ir
Azadeh
Ebrahim-Habibi
aehabibi@sina.tums.ac.ir
Sima
Aryanejad
Abolfazl
Rad
rad6790@yahoo.com
Introduction: Diagnosing and treating diseases associated with amyloid fibers remain a great
challenge despite of intensive research carried out. One important approach in the development
of therapeutics is the use of herbal extracts which are rich in aromatic small molecules.
Cinnamomum verum extract (CE) contains proanthocyanidin and cinnamaldehyde, which have
been suggested to be capable of directly inhibiting amyloid fibril formation in vitro. This study
is aimed at characterizing the inhibitory activity of CE against the fibrillation of hen egg white
lysozyme (HEWL). Methods: Acidic pH and high temperatures were used to drive the protein towards amyloid
formation. Lysozyme was dissolved at 2 mg/mL in 50mM glycine buffer (pH 2.5), and then
incubated at 57 °C for the specified durations while stirred gently by Teflon magnetic bars.
Various techniques including thioflavin T, fluorescence, Congo red absorbance assay and AFM
micrography were used to characterize the HEWL fibrillation processes. Results: In the absence of CE typical amyloid fibrils (like amyloids formed in Alzheimer disease)
became evident after 48 h of incubation. Upon incubation with various extract concentrations in
the range of 0.1-1 mg/ml, formation of fibrillar assemblies were significantly inhibited (p<0.05).
AFM analysis and MTT assay also confirmed the role of the extract in amyloid inhibition. Our
studies showed that the presence of CE did not have any effect on protein stabilization and thus
directly interact with amyloid structure and inhibit formation of these structures. Furthermore, a
docking experiment showed that a pi-pi interaction may occur between the aromatic component
of cinnamaldehyde and W62. Interestingly, W62 is one of the principal aromatic residues that
interact with glycine amide, which is an aggregation suppressor of HEWL. Discussion: These observations suggest that aromatic small molecules of CE may directly insert
into amyloidogenic core of early aggregates and inhibit amyloid fibril formation by disrupting
the pi-pi interactions.
Hen egg white lysozyme
Cinnamomum verum
Amyloid disaggregation
Docking
Cinnamaldehyde
2015
2
01
29
37
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-453-en.pdf
23-319
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal Infection in Children and the Resultant Neuro-psychiatric Disorder a Cross Sectional Study Tehran, Iran
Farideh
Ebrahimi Taj
farima_ebro@yahoo.com
Samileh
Noorbakhsh
samileh_noorbakhsh@yahoo.com
Sahar
Ghavidel Darestani
sghavidel@hotmail.com
Elham
Shirazi
cpidir@gmail.com
Shima
Javadinia
azardokht_tabatabaei@yahoo.com
Introduction: Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) can induce PANDAS
(pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection).
GABHS is the most important and common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis in Iranian
children. We studied the role of GABHS (anti-streptococcal antibodies) in suspected cases of
PANDAS in a cross sectional studies. Methods: Across sectional study was done in 2 pediatric psychiatric /and neurologic clinics
in Tehran (Rasul Akram and Aliasghar Hospital) during 2008-2010. We studied serum antistreptococcal
antibodies (anti streptolysin O, anti Deoxyribonuclease B, and anti-streptokinase
(ABcam-ELISA, USA) in 76 cases with psychiatric manifestation (OCD, ADHD) in compare
with 39 healthy controls. These antibodies were studied in 53 cases with movement disorders
(Tic/ Tourette syndrome ) in compare with 76 healthy controls. Sensitivity, specificity and
positive predictive value of tests were calculated. Results: In movement disorders ASOT, Anti-DNase and Anti streptokinase was significantly
higher than controls (p<0.0001, p=0.000, p 200IU/ml) had 75% sensitivity 84% specificity and 80% PPV Antistreptokinase
(cut off level> 332 IU/ml) had 34% sensitivity 85% specificity, and 72% PPV
Anti-DNase (cut off level> 140IU/ml) had 70% sensitivity 99% specificity and PPV 90% for
differentiating the group. ASOT, Anti-DNase and Anti streptokinase titer was significantly higher
than controls (p<0.0001, p=0.000, p<0.0001). ASOT had 90% sensitivity 82% specificity,
PPV 92% Anti streptokinase: 82% sensitivity 82% specificity, PPV 95% Anti DNase: 92%
sensitivity 82% specificity, PPV 92% for differentiation the cases from normal controls. Discussion: These findings support that a post infectious immune mechanism to GABHS
may play a role in the pathogenesis of PANDAS in our children. A combination of throat
culture, rapid antigen detection test, and serologic testing for GABHS is required to achieve
maximum sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis. We prefer to use antibiotic prophylaxis in
PANDAS cases for preventing recurrent streptococcal infections. Ongoing research is needed
for identifying optimum diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic approach especially, aggressive
treatment (intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmaphresis).
Group A ß-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS)
PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders)
OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder)
ADHD syndrome (attention deficient hyperactive disorders)
Tic
Tourette syndrome .
2015
2
01
38
43
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.pdf
23-460
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
Inter-pulse Interval Affects the Size of Single-pulse TMS-induced Motor Evoked Potentials: a Reliability Study
Bita
Vaseghi
bita.vaseghi@monash.edu.au
Shapour
Jaberzadeh
shapour.jaberzadeh@monash.edu
Maryam
Zoghi
mzoghi@unimelb.edu.au
Introduction: Measuring the size of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an investigational technique to show the level of corticospinal
excitability however, some of the fundamental methodological aspects of TMS (such as the
effects of inter-pulse intervals (IPI) on MEP size) are not fully understood, this issue raises
concerns about the reliability of MEPs, especially in pre-test post-test studies. Methods: MEP size at short and long IPIs was assessed during two separate sessions. Inter- and
intra-session reliability of MEP size also was assessed at both short and long IPIs. Results: The results indicated that long IPIs induced larger MEPs (p < 0.05) across all time points.
The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated high intra- and inter-session reliability for
short (0.87 to 0.96) and long (0.80 to 0.97) IPIs respectively. The amplitude of MEPs also had
high intersession reliability for short (ICC = 0.87) and long (ICC = 0.80) IPIs. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the length of IPIs determines the size of MEPs. As
a result, it is recommended to add the length of IPI to the international checklist of considerations
for TMS application.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Motor evoked potential
TMS application checklist
Reliability
2015
2
01
44
51
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-460-en.pdf
23-493
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
cAMP-Epac Pathway Stimulation Modulate Connexin-43 and MicroRNA-21 Expression in Glioma Cells
Hossein
Mostafavi
mostafavi73@gmail.com
Mojtaba
Khaksarian
mojkhaksar@yahoo.com
Mohammad Taghi
Joghataei
joghataei@iums.ac.ir
Sadegh
Yoosefee
yoosefee@gmail.com
Mahmoud Reza
Hadjighassem
mhadjighassem@tums.ac.ir
Maryam
Soleimannejad
Raheleh
Gholamzadeh
Sanam
Seifollahi Bahnamiri
Introduction: Malignant astrocytic gliomas are the most common and lethal brain malignancies
due to their refractory to the current therapies. Nowadays, molecular targeted therapy has
attracted great attention in treatment of glioma. Connexin 43 (Cx43) and micro ribonucleic acid-
21(miR-21) are among molecules that are involved in glioma development and progression.
These molecules showed potential to be as target molecules with regard to glioma. Some studies
have reported that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling could be effective on
Cx43 and miR-21 in tissues other than in brain. We investigate possible relationship between
β-adrenergic receptor and its newly described downstream, exchange protein directly activated
by cAMP (Epac) signaling pathway and expression of Cx43 and miR-21 in low (1321N1) and
high grade (U87MG) glioma cell lines. Methods: We treated cells with β-adrenergic agonist and Epac activator with and without adenyl
cyclase inhibitor. Cx43 and miR-21 expression were measured with real-time PCR. Results: Our data showed that in 1321N1 cells, β-adrenergic-Epac pathway stimulation up and
down-regulated Cx43 and miR-21 expression respectively. Whereas, in U87MG cells these
interventions had no effect on Cx43 and miR-21 expression. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that low grade astrocytoma cells have better response to
our pharmacological interventions.
cAMP
Epac
Cx43
miR- 21
glioma
1321N1
U87MG
beta adrenergic receptor
2015
2
01
52
57
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-493-en.pdf
23-586
2024-03-28
10.1002
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
BCN
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
2015
6
1
Evaluation of Hemodynamic Response Function in Vision and Motor Brain Regions for the Young and Elderly Adults
Hassan
Morsheddost
hmorsheddost@ee.kntu.ac.ir
Davud
Asemani
Asemani@eetd.kntu.ac.ir
Mahsa
Alizadeh
ma.shalchy@ee.kntu.ac.ir
Introduction: Prior studies comparing Hemodynamic Response Function (HRF) in the young
and elderly adults based on fMRI data have reported inconsistent findings for brain vision and
motor regions in healthy aging. It is shown that the averaging method employed in all previous
works has caused this inconsistency. The averaging is so sensitive to outliers and noise. However,
fMRI data are obscured with a major contribution of noise particularly in the elderly case. Methods: Deconvolution algorithm is here proposed for HRF extraction to achieve more
robustness against noise. In spite of earlier works, proposed deconvolution algorithm yields
compatible HRF results using either original or denoised fMRI data, though a large percentage
of selected active voxels change in the latter case. In the current study, event-related fMRI
data have been used for 18 subjects (8 young and 10 elderly adults) with a simple visual and
motor task of pressing a key with index in response to the visual presentation of the word tap.
Considering anatomically-defined vision and motor regions and preprocessing steps in FSL and
SPM, the activated voxels have been selected according to t-test for which HRF is estimated
using deconvolution method. Results: Experimental results demonstrate that HRF peak amplitudes do not differ significantly
(p=0.8) in the vision region for the young and the elderly. In motor region, the HRF peak
significantly increases for the young compared to the elderly (p<0.03). Repeating the procedure
on the denoised fMRI data using MDL algorithm, the same results have been obtained. Discussion: In this study, a comparative study has been realized on the hemodynamic
response properties associated with the young and the elderly adults on a simple visual
and motor task.
Aging
Hemodynamic Response Function
fMRI
Denoising
MDL
2015
2
01
58
68
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-586-en.pdf