2024-03-29T12:36:04+04:30 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=14&slc_lang=en&sid=1
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 New Hopes and Challenges for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Great Opportunities for Young Neuroscientists Mahmoud Kiaei 2013 2 01 3 4 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-307-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Septo-Hippocampo-Septal Loop and Memory Formation Fatemeh Khakpai Mohammad Nasehi Ali Haeri-Rohani Akram Eidi Mohammad Reza Zarrindast The Cholinergic and GABAergic .bers of the medial septal/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) area project to the hippocampus and constitute the septo-hippocampal pathway, which has been proven to play a role in learning and memory. In addition, the hippocampus has bidirectional connections with the septum so that to self-regulate of cholinergic input. The activity of septal and hippocampal neurons is modulated by several neurotransmitter systems including glutamatergic neurons from the entorhinal cortex, serotonergic .bers from the raphe nucleus, dopaminergic neurons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), histaminergic cells from the tuberomammillary nucleus and adrenergic .bers from the locus coeruleus (LC). Thus, changes in the glutamatergic, serotonergic and other systems- mediated transmission in the MS/DB may in.uence cholinergic or GABAergic transmission in the hippocampus. septo-hippocampal septum hippocampus learning memory 2013 2 01 5 23 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-308-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 The Role of Resilience and Age on Quality of life in Patients with Pain Disorders Saeid Yazdi-Ravandi Zahra Taslimi Hayede Saberi Jamal Shams Shima Osanlo Golnoosh Nori Abbas Haghparast The quality of life (QOL) has been de.ned as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’.  Age was also signi.cantly associated with several functional limitations such as illness, and physical restrictions. The concept of ‘‘resilience’’ refers to successful adaptation that unfolds within a context of signi.cant and usually debilitating adversity or life stress. The ability to adapt to pain may play an important role in maintaining the QOL. In this study, we investigated the role of resilience and age in various domains of quality of life such as physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. In this study, 290 adult patients (146 men, 144 women) completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Moreover, we illustrated several demographic variables. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and means, descriptive correlation and regression were calculated. Our data revealed that resilience and age could signi.cantly anticipate the QOL and physical aspect (P<0.001). In psychological, social and environmental domains resilience but not the age could signi.cantly predict this domains. In addition, it is noticeable that the effect of resilience on the prediction of QOL is much more obvious in the psychological domain.. In conclusion, resilience is more important factor than the age in prediction of life quality (QOL) in persons suffering from chronic pain. Resilience Quality of life Age Chronic pain 2013 2 01 24 30 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-309-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 The Effect of Ciprofloxacin Injection on Genetically Absence Prone (Wag/Rij) Rat\'s Electroencephalogram Characteristics Ali Moghimi Samaneh Mollazadeh Fatemeh Behnam Rassouli Reza Shiee Mohammad Ali Khalilzade  Introduction: Ciprofloxacin which was used in this study is a Fluoroquinolone (FQ). This kind of drug may cause epileptic seizures probably because of the inhibition of GABA binding to its receptors. Wag/Rij rats (an animal model for generalized absence epilepsy), were used as experimental subjects. Methods: For EEG study, electrodes were inserted into the cortex of animals according to paxinos coordinates. After and before ciprofloxacin injection, EEG was recorded and their SWDs were compared with each others. Results: Findings showed a significant increase in the mean number of seizures during recording period. But the mean number of SWDs during seizures did not show any significant differences between groups. Discussion: These results may be due to involvement of GABA antagonistic effects of FQs and/or Mg2+ linked blockade of NMDA receptors. More researches are going to determine physiopathology of SWDs and .nd new effective substance against this kind of epilepsy. Ciprofloxacin Absence epilepsy Wag/Rij EEG 2013 2 01 31 35 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-310-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and their Effects on Sleep Quality in Epileptic Patients Zohreh Yazdi Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi Shoaib Naimian Mohammad Ali Zohal Mostafa Ghaniri Introduction: Epilepsy is a complex pervasive neurobehavioral and social condition accompanied by a wide range of comorbid conditions that can adversely affect the quality of life of patients. Sleep complaints are common among patients with epilepsy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of subjective sleep disturbances and its effects on sleep quality in epileptic patients.  Methods: In this cross-sectional study,  152 consecutive epileptic patients and 152 controls were  interviewed. We used Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Berlin Questionnaire and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index to measure excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea and sleep quality. R estless leg syndrome was diagnosed using three questions.  Results: The age, gender and average total sleep time was similar in patients and control group. The frequency of excessive sleepiness scale and subjective complaint of sleep maintenance was higher in epileptic patients than control group (P<0.05). The symptoms of restless leg syndrome were reported by 32.3% of patients and 11.8% of controls (P<0.05). Discussion: Daytime sleepiness, dif.culty in sleep maintenance, poor sleep quality and RLS appear to be common in patients with epilepsy. Further con.rmatory studies are needed using objective sleep studies to detect underlying mechanisms of sleep disorders in these patients. epilepsy seizure sleep disorders excessive daytime sleepiness 2013 2 01 36 41 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-311-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Antioxidant Property of Jobelyn as the Possible Mechanism Underlying its Anti-amnesic Activity in Rodents Solomon Umukoro Adaeze Ugbomah Adegbuyi O. Aderibigbe Anothony T. Eduviere Adrian I. Omogbiya Introduction: Amnesia or loss of memory is the cardinal hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with ageing process. Although, AD had been discovered over a century ago, drugs which could cure or halt the progression of the disease are yet to see the light of the day. However, there has been a growing interest in the use of phytomedicines with multipronged mechanisms of action that could target various aspects of the pathologies of AD. Jobelyn (JB) is a potent antioxidant African polyherbal formulation with active components that have been acclaimed to show neuroprotection. This investigation was carried out to evaluate whether JB has anti-amnesic and antioxidant activities. Methods: The alteration of alternation behavior in the Y-maze paradigm was utilized as the test for memory function in mice.  The effect of JB on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were assessed in rats as means of providing insight into the mechanism underlying its anti-amnesic activity. The animals were given JB (1, 2.5 or 5mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 days before the biochemical assays or test for memory functions were carried out.  Results: JB was found to produce a signi.cant increase in the level of alternation behavior compared with the control, suggesting anti-amnesic activity. Also, JB reversed the memory impairment induced by scopolamine, which further indicates anti-amnesic property. Furthermore, JB demonstrated a signi.cant inhibition of MDA formation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats, indicating antioxidant property.  In addition, it increased the defense armory of the brain tissues, as it signi.cantly increased the concentrations of GSH in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. However, JB did not demonstrate any inhibitory effect against AChE activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats in comparison with the control group. Discussion: This investigation provides evidence that suggests that JB has anti-amnesic and antioxidant properties. Although the present data suggest that the anti-amnesic property of JB might be related to its antioxidant activity, more studies are necessary to clarify this observation. Jobelyn Anti-amnesic Antioxidant Malondialdehyde levels Glutathione concentrations 2013 2 01 42 49 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-312-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Clock Face Drawing Test Performance in Children with ADHD Ahmad Ghanizadeh Salar Safavi Michael Berk Introduction: The utility and discriminatory pattern of the clock face drawing test in ADHD is unclear. This study therefore compared Clock Face Drawing test performance in children with ADHD and controls. Methods: 95 school children with ADHD and 191 other children were matched for gender ratio and age. ADHD symptoms severities were assessed using DSM-IV ADHD checklist and their intellectual functioning was assessed. The participants completed three clock-drawing tasks, and the following four functions were assessed: Contour score, Numbers score, Hands setting score, and Center score Results: All the subscales scores of the three clock drawing tests of the ADHD group were lower than that of the control group. In ADHD children, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were not related to free drawn clock test scores. When pre-drawn contour test was performed, inattentiveness score was statistically associated with Number score while none of the other variables of age, gender, intellectual functioning, and hand use preference were associated with that kind of score. In pre-drawn clock, no association of ADHD symptoms with any CDT subscales found signi.cant. In addition, more errors are observed with free drawn clock and Pre-drawn contour than pre-drawn clock. Discussion: Putting Numbers and Hands setting are more sensitive measures to screen ADHD than Contour and Center drawing. Test performance, except Hands setting, may have already reached a developmental plateau. It is probable that Hand setting de.cit in children with ADHD may not decrease from age 8 to 14 years. Performance of children with ADHD is associated with complexity of CDT. Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity Clock face drawing test diagnosis psychometrics assessment. 2013 2 01 50 56 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-313-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Avoidance Memory and Cell Density in Rats\' Hippocampus Mehrdad Jahanshahi Kamran Haidari Simin Mahaki-Zadeh EmseGol Nikmahzar Fatemeh Babakordi Introduction MDMA or ecstasy is a derivative of amphetamines used mostly by young people worldwide. Although the acute effects of this drug are known, the effect of chronic administration is not well studied. Therefor the aim of this study was to determine the effects of repeated (long term) administration of MDMA on rats;#39 memory and their hippocampal cell density. Method: Young adult male Wistar rats 200 ± 20 g served as subjects.  The rats were randomly distributed into three MDMA treated groups (3×2.5 mg/kg, 3×5 mg/kg, 3×10 mg/kg) and one control-saline group. All animals received MDMA intraperitoneally (3h apart a challenge) 7th day of every week for consecutive 4 weeks. Animals were trained before and were tested after injections for their memory status using the standards passive avoidance method. Finally, 24hr after the memory test, rats were sacri.ced and after tissue operations, the hippocampal astrocytes and neurons were counted. Results: results showed that the number of neurons in all experimental groups was lower than the control-saline group. The most decreased number of neurons was shown in 5 mg/kg MDMA group compared to control-saline in all the regions of hippocampus. Also we found that repeated administration of MDMA reduced the number of hippocampal astrocytes. Discussion: It is concluded that repeated administration of MDMA can reduce density of neurons and astrocytes and this decrease is not dose dependence. Ecstasy Neurons Astrocytes Passive Avoidance Memory 2013 2 01 57 63 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-346-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 2D Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Human Ventricle System Based on Fluid-Solid Interaction and Pulsatile Flow Nafiseh Masoumi F. Framanzad Behnam Zamanian A.S. Seddighi M.H. Moosavi S. Najarian Dariush Bastani Many diseases are related to cerebrospinal .uid (CSF) hydrodynamics. Therefore, understanding the hydrodynamics of CSF .ow and intracranial pressure is helpful for obtaining deeper knowledge of pathological processes and providing better treatments. Furthermore, engineering a reliable computational method is promising approach for fabricating in vitro models which is essential for inventing generic medicines.  A Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI)model was constructed to simulate CSF .ow. An important problem in modeling the CSF .ow is the diastolic back .ow. In this article, using both rigid and .exible conditions for ventricular system allowed us to evaluate the effect of surrounding brain tissue. Our model assumed an elastic wall for the ventricles and a pulsatile CSF input as its boundary conditions. A comparison of the results and the experimental data was done. The .exible model gave better results because it could reproduce the diastolic back .ow mentioned in clinical research studies. The previous rigid models have ignored the brain parenchyma interaction with CSF and so had not reported the back .ow during the diastolic time.  In this computational .uid dynamic (CFD) analysis, the CSF pressure and .ow velocity in different areas were concordant with the experimental data. Cerebrospinal Fluid FSI modeling Pulsatile Hydrodynamics Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 2013 2 01 64 75 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-347-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Using Combination of μ,β and γ Bands in Classi.cation of EEG Signals Mina Mirnaziri Masoomeh Rahimi Sepidehsadat Alavikakhaki Reza Ebrahimpour Introduction: In most BCI articles which aim to separate movement imaginations, µ and ;beta frequency bands have been used. In this paper, the effect of presence and absence of ;gamma band on performance improvement is discussed since movement imaginations affect ;gamma frequency band as well. Methods: In this study we used data set 2a from BCI Competition IV. In this data set, 9 healthy subjects have performed left hand, right hand, foot and tongue movement imaginations. Time and frequency intervals are computed for each subject and then are classi.ed using Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) as a feature extractor. Finally, data is classi.ed by LDA1, RBF2 MLP3, SVM4and KNN 5 methods. In all experiments, accuracy rate of classi.cation is computed using 4 fold validation method. Results: It is seen that most of the time, combination of ;mu,;beta and ;gamma bands would have better performance than just using combination of ;mu and ;beta bands or ;gamma band alone. In general, the improvement rate of the average classi.cation accuracy is computed 2.91%. Discussion: In this study, it is shown that using combination of µ, ;beta and ;gamma frequency bands provides more information than only using combination of µ and ;beta in movement imagination separations. Brain – Computer Interface (BCI) Electroencephalogram (EEG) Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) Multi – Layer Perceptron (MLP) Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Radial Basis Function (RBF). 2013 2 01 76 87 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-348-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis in an Iranian Patient Nasrollah Saleh-gohari Marzye Mohammadi-Anaie Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare disease of the nervous system which causes one to lose his/her feeling of pain. The disease is subtype four of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN IV) that results from NTRK1 gene defect. Direct sequencing was performed to screen NTRK1 for mutations. The result revealed a homozygous deletion of adenine on intron 14 that may cause the disease. 2013 2 01 88 90 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-314-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Octodon Degus: A Strong Attractor for Alzheimer Research Rafael Castro-Fuentes Rosario Socas-Pérez The most popular animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are transgenic mice expressing human genes with known mutations which do not represent the most abundant sporadic form of the disease. An increasing number of genetic, vascular and psychosocial data strongly support that the Octodon degus, a moderate-sized and diurnal precocial rodent, provides a naturalistic model for the study of the early neurodegenerative process associated with sporadic AD. In this minireview we describe and analyze the risk factors that contribute to Alzheimer-like characteristics in the degus, following recent publications, and establish some guidelines for future studies in this model of natural aging associated with the disease. Given the heterogeneity of current data derived from the diverse transgenic animal models of AD, now may be the time for the degus to become a strong attractor for academic research labs and companies involved with AD. This may help to understand the mechanisms responsible for the early neurodegenerative process associated with this devastating disease. Animal model Aging Octodon degus Alzheimer’s disease. 2013 2 01 91 96 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-315-en.pdf
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Basic and Clinical Neuroscience BCN 2008-126X 2228-7442 10.32598/bcn 2013 4 1 Methodological Aspects of Cognitive Rehabilitation with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Afsaneh Zarghi Alireza Zali Mehdi Tehranidost A variety of nervous system components such as medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal, frontal and occipital lobes have role in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) processes. The eye movement is done simultaneously for attracting client;#39s attention to an external stimulus while concentrating on a certain internal subject. Eye movement guided by therapist is the most common attention stimulus. The role of eye movement has been documented previously in relation with cognitive processing mechanisms. A series of systemic experiments have shown that the eyes’ spontaneous movement is associated with emotional and cognitive changes and results in decreased excitement, .exibility in attention, memory processing, and enhanced semantic recalling. Eye movement also decreases the memory;#39s image clarity and the accompanying excitement. By using EMDR, we can reach some parts of memory which were inaccessible before and also emotionally intolerable. Various researches emphasize on the effectiveness of EMDR in treating and curing phobias, pains, and dependent personality disorders. Consequently, due to the involvement of multiple neural system components, this palliative method of treatment can also help to rehabilitate the neuro-cognitive system. Rehabilitation Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing. 2013 2 01 97 103 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-349-en.pdf