Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
New Hopes and Challenges for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Great Opportunities for Young Neuroscientists
3
4
EN
Mahmoud
Kiaei
Laboratory for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis & Other Neurodegenerative Diseases Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock, AR 72205, USA Email: mkiaei@uams.edu
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Septo-Hippocampo-Septal Loop and Memory Formation
5
23
EN
Fatemeh
Khakpai
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad
Nasehi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Semnan, Iran.
Ali
Haeri-Rohani
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
Akram
Eidi
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Reza
Zarrindast
Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
The Cholinergic and GABAergic .bers of the medial septal/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) area project to the hippocampus and constitute the septo-hippocampal pathway, which has been proven to play a role in learning and memory. In addition, the hippocampus has bidirectional connections with the septum so that to self-regulate of cholinergic input.
The activity of septal and hippocampal neurons is modulated by several neurotransmitter systems including glutamatergic neurons from the entorhinal cortex, serotonergic .bers from the raphe nucleus, dopaminergic neurons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), histaminergic cells from the tuberomammillary nucleus and adrenergic .bers from the locus coeruleus (LC). Thus, changes in the glutamatergic, serotonergic and other systems- mediated transmission in the MS/DB may in.uence cholinergic or GABAergic transmission in the hippocampus.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
The Role of Resilience and Age on Quality of life in Patients with Pain Disorders
24
30
EN
Saeid
Yazdi-Ravandi
Young Researchers Club, Rudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rudehen, Iran.
Zahra
Taslimi
Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
Hayede
Saberi
Hayede Saberi
Jamal
Shams
Jamal Shams
Shima
Osanlo
Shima Osanlo
Golnoosh
Nori
Golnoosh Nori
Abbas
Haghparast
Abbas Haghparast
The quality of life (QOL) has been de.ned as ‘‘a person’s sense of well-being that stems from satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the areas of life that are important to him/her’’. Age was also signi.cantly associated with several functional limitations such as illness, and physical restrictions. The concept of ‘‘resilience’’ refers to successful adaptation that unfolds within a context of signi.cant and usually debilitating adversity or life stress. The ability to adapt to pain may play an important role in maintaining the QOL. In this study, we investigated the role of resilience and age in various domains of quality of life such as physical, psychological, social and environmental domains. In this study, 290 adult patients (146 men, 144 women) completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Moreover, we illustrated several demographic variables. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and means, descriptive correlation and regression were calculated. Our data revealed that resilience and age could signi.cantly anticipate the QOL and physical aspect (P<0.001). In psychological, social and environmental domains resilience but not the age could signi.cantly predict this domains. In addition, it is noticeable that the effect of resilience on the prediction of QOL is much more obvious in the psychological domain.. In conclusion, resilience is more important factor than the age in prediction of life quality (QOL) in persons suffering from chronic pain.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
The Effect of Ciprofloxacin Injection on Genetically Absence Prone (Wag/Rij) Rat's Electroencephalogram Characteristics
31
35
EN
Ali
Moghimi
The Applied Research Center for Neurofeedback and Neurobehavioral Sciences (Aren), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Samaneh
Mollazadeh
Biotechnology Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
Fatemeh
Behnam Rassouli
Cell and Molecular Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Reza
Shiee
Department of Signal and Systems, Chalmers University, Sweden.
Mohammad Ali
Khalilzade
Mohammad Ali Khalilzade
Introduction: Ciprofloxacin which was used in this study is a Fluoroquinolone (FQ). This kind of drug may cause epileptic seizures probably because of the inhibition of GABA binding to its receptors. Wag/Rij rats (an animal model for generalized absence epilepsy), were used as experimental subjects.
Methods: For EEG study, electrodes were inserted into the cortex of animals according to paxinos coordinates. After and before ciprofloxacin injection, EEG was recorded and their SWDs were compared with each others.
Results: Findings showed a significant increase in the mean number of seizures during recording period. But the mean number of SWDs during seizures did not show any significant differences between groups.
Discussion: These results may be due to involvement of GABA antagonistic effects of FQs and/or Mg2+ linked blockade of NMDA receptors. More researches are going to determine physiopathology of SWDs and .nd new effective substance against this kind of epilepsy.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Prevalence of Sleep Disorders and their Effects on Sleep Quality in Epileptic Patients
36
41
EN
Zohreh
Yazdi
Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Khosro
Sadeghniiat-Haghighi
Department of Occupational Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shoaib
Naimian
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Mohammad Ali
Zohal
Metabolic Disease Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Mostafa
Ghaniri
General physician
Introduction: Epilepsy is a complex pervasive neurobehavioral and social condition accompanied by a wide range of comorbid conditions that can adversely affect the quality of life of patients. Sleep complaints are common among patients with epilepsy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of subjective sleep disturbances and its effects on sleep quality in epileptic patients.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 152 consecutive epileptic patients and 152 controls were interviewed. We used Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Berlin Questionnaire and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index to measure excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea and sleep quality. R estless leg syndrome was diagnosed using three questions.
Results: The age, gender and average total sleep time was similar in patients and control group. The frequency of excessive sleepiness scale and subjective complaint of sleep maintenance was higher in epileptic patients than control group (P<0.05). The symptoms of restless leg syndrome were reported by 32.3% of patients and 11.8% of controls (P<0.05).
Discussion: Daytime sleepiness, dif.culty in sleep maintenance, poor sleep quality and RLS appear to be common in patients with epilepsy. Further con.rmatory studies are needed using objective sleep studies to detect underlying mechanisms of sleep disorders in these patients.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Antioxidant Property of Jobelyn as the Possible Mechanism Underlying its Anti-amnesic Activity in Rodents
42
49
EN
Solomon
Umukoro
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Adaeze
Ugbomah
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Adegbuyi O.
Aderibigbe
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Anothony T.
Eduviere
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Adrian I.
Omogbiya
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Introduction: Amnesia or loss of memory is the cardinal hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with ageing process. Although, AD had been discovered over a century ago, drugs which could cure or halt the progression of the disease are yet to see the light of the day. However, there has been a growing interest in the use of phytomedicines with multipronged mechanisms of action that could target various aspects of the pathologies of AD. Jobelyn (JB) is a potent antioxidant African polyherbal formulation with active components that have been acclaimed to show neuroprotection. This investigation was carried out to evaluate whether JB has anti-amnesic and antioxidant activities.
Methods: The alteration of alternation behavior in the Y-maze paradigm was utilized as the test for memory function in mice. The effect of JB on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were assessed in rats as means of providing insight into the mechanism underlying its anti-amnesic activity. The animals were given JB (1, 2.5 or 5mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 days before the biochemical assays or test for memory functions were carried out.
Results: JB was found to produce a signi.cant increase in the level of alternation behavior compared with the control, suggesting anti-amnesic activity. Also, JB reversed the memory impairment induced by scopolamine, which further indicates anti-amnesic property. Furthermore, JB demonstrated a signi.cant inhibition of MDA formation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats, indicating antioxidant property. In addition, it increased the defense armory of the brain tissues, as it signi.cantly increased the concentrations of GSH in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats. However, JB did not demonstrate any inhibitory effect against AChE activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rats in comparison with the control group.
Discussion: This investigation provides evidence that suggests that JB has anti-amnesic and antioxidant properties. Although the present data suggest that the anti-amnesic property of JB might be related to its antioxidant activity, more studies are necessary to clarify this observation.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Clock Face Drawing Test Performance in Children with ADHD
50
56
EN
Ahmad
Ghanizadeh
Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
Salar
Safavi
School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Michael
Berk
Deakin University, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
Introduction: The utility and discriminatory pattern of the clock face drawing test in ADHD is unclear. This study therefore compared Clock Face Drawing test performance in children with ADHD and controls.
Methods: 95 school children with ADHD and 191 other children were matched for gender ratio and age. ADHD symptoms severities were assessed using DSM-IV ADHD checklist and their intellectual functioning was assessed. The participants completed three clock-drawing tasks, and the following four functions were assessed: Contour score, Numbers score, Hands setting score, and Center score
Results: All the subscales scores of the three clock drawing tests of the ADHD group were lower than that of the control group. In ADHD children, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores were not related to free drawn clock test scores. When pre-drawn contour test was performed, inattentiveness score was statistically associated with Number score while none of the other variables of age, gender, intellectual functioning, and hand use preference were associated with that kind of score. In pre-drawn clock, no association of ADHD symptoms with any CDT subscales found signi.cant. In addition, more errors are observed with free drawn clock and Pre-drawn contour than pre-drawn clock.
Discussion: Putting Numbers and Hands setting are more sensitive measures to screen ADHD than Contour and Center drawing. Test performance, except Hands setting, may have already reached a developmental plateau. It is probable that Hand setting de.cit in children with ADHD may not decrease from age 8 to 14 years. Performance of children with ADHD is associated with complexity of CDT.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Effects of Repeated Administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on Avoidance Memory and Cell Density in Rats' Hippocampus
57
63
EN
Mehrdad
Jahanshahi
Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Kamran
Haidari
Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Simin
Mahaki-Zadeh
Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
EmseGol
Nikmahzar
Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Fatemeh
Babakordi
Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Introduction MDMA or ecstasy is a derivative of amphetamines used mostly by young people worldwide. Although the acute effects of this drug are known, the effect of chronic administration is not well studied. Therefor the aim of this study was to determine the effects of repeated (long term) administration of MDMA on rats;#39 memory and their hippocampal cell density.
Method: Young adult male Wistar rats 200 ± 20 g served as subjects. The rats were randomly distributed into three MDMA treated groups (3×2.5 mg/kg, 3×5 mg/kg, 3×10 mg/kg) and one control-saline group. All animals received MDMA intraperitoneally (3h apart a challenge) 7th day of every week for consecutive 4 weeks. Animals were trained before and were tested after injections for their memory status using the standards passive avoidance method. Finally, 24hr after the memory test, rats were sacri.ced and after tissue operations, the hippocampal astrocytes and neurons were counted.
Results: results showed that the number of neurons in all experimental groups was lower than the control-saline group. The most decreased number of neurons was shown in 5 mg/kg MDMA group compared to control-saline in all the regions of hippocampus. Also we found that repeated administration of MDMA reduced the number of hippocampal astrocytes.
Discussion: It is concluded that repeated administration of MDMA can reduce density of neurons and astrocytes and this decrease is not dose dependence.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
2D Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Human Ventricle System Based on Fluid-Solid Interaction and Pulsatile Flow
64
75
EN
Nafiseh
Masoumi
Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
F.
Framanzad
Biomechanics Group Faculty, Mechanical Engineering Department, Iranian University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Behnam
Zamanian
Department of Chemical Engineering, North Eastern University, Boston, MA,USA.
A.S.
Seddighi
Neurosurgery Department, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
M.H.
Moosavi
Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
S.
Najarian
Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Dariush
Bastani
Faculty of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Many diseases are related to cerebrospinal .uid (CSF) hydrodynamics. Therefore, understanding the hydrodynamics of CSF .ow and intracranial pressure is helpful for obtaining deeper knowledge of pathological processes and providing better treatments. Furthermore, engineering a reliable computational method is promising approach for fabricating in vitro models which is essential for inventing generic medicines.
A Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI)model was constructed to simulate CSF .ow. An important problem in modeling the CSF .ow is the diastolic back .ow. In this article, using both rigid and .exible conditions for ventricular system allowed us to evaluate the effect of surrounding brain tissue. Our model assumed an elastic wall for the ventricles and a pulsatile CSF input as its boundary conditions. A comparison of the results and the experimental data was done. The .exible model gave better results because it could reproduce the diastolic back .ow mentioned in clinical research studies. The previous rigid models have ignored the brain parenchyma interaction with CSF and so had not reported the back .ow during the diastolic time. In this computational .uid dynamic (CFD) analysis, the CSF pressure and .ow velocity in different areas were concordant with the experimental data.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Using Combination of μ,β and γ Bands in Classi.cation of EEG Signals
76
87
EN
Mina
Mirnaziri
Brain and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory (BISLab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ShahidRajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Masoomeh
Rahimi
Brain and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory (BISLab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ShahidRajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Sepidehsadat
Alavikakhaki
Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Tehran, Iran.
Reza
Ebrahimpour
Brain and Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory (BISLab), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ShahidRajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: In most BCI articles which aim to separate movement imaginations, µ and ;beta frequency bands have been used. In this paper, the effect of presence and absence of ;gamma band on performance improvement is discussed since movement imaginations affect ;gamma frequency band as well.
Methods: In this study we used data set 2a from BCI Competition IV. In this data set, 9 healthy subjects have performed left hand, right hand, foot and tongue movement imaginations. Time and frequency intervals are computed for each subject and then are classi.ed using Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) as a feature extractor. Finally, data is classi.ed by LDA1, RBF2 MLP3, SVM4and KNN 5 methods. In all experiments, accuracy rate of classi.cation is computed using 4 fold validation method.
Results: It is seen that most of the time, combination of ;mu,;beta and ;gamma bands would have better performance than just using combination of ;mu and ;beta bands or ;gamma band alone. In general, the improvement rate of the average classi.cation accuracy is computed 2.91%.
Discussion: In this study, it is shown that using combination of µ, ;beta and ;gamma frequency bands provides more information than only using combination of µ and ;beta in movement imagination separations.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis in an Iranian Patient
88
90
EN
Nasrollah
Saleh-gohari
Genetic Department, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Marzye
Mohammadi-Anaie
Genetic Laboratory, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran.
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis is a rare disease of the nervous system which causes one to lose his/her feeling of pain. The disease is subtype four of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN IV) that results from NTRK1 gene defect. Direct sequencing was performed to screen NTRK1 for mutations. The result revealed a homozygous deletion of adenine on intron 14 that may cause the disease.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Octodon Degus: A Strong Attractor for Alzheimer Research
91
96
EN
Rafael
Castro-Fuentes
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of La Laguna, 38320 Tenerife, Spain.
Rosario
Socas-Pérez
Department of Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, University of La Laguna. 38205 Tenerife, Spain.
The most popular animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are transgenic mice expressing human genes with known mutations which do not represent the most abundant sporadic form of the disease. An increasing number of genetic, vascular and psychosocial data strongly support that the Octodon degus, a moderate-sized and diurnal precocial rodent, provides a naturalistic model for the study of the early neurodegenerative process associated with sporadic AD. In this minireview we describe and analyze the risk factors that contribute to Alzheimer-like characteristics in the degus, following recent publications, and establish some guidelines for future studies in this model of natural aging associated with the disease. Given the heterogeneity of current data derived from the diverse transgenic animal models of AD, now may be the time for the degus to become a strong attractor for academic research labs and companies involved with AD. This may help to understand the mechanisms responsible for the early neurodegenerative process associated with this devastating disease.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
4
1
2013
2
1
Methodological Aspects of Cognitive Rehabilitation with Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
97
103
EN
Afsaneh
Zarghi
Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza
Zali
Psychiatry Department, Rouzbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi
Tehranidost
A variety of nervous system components such as medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal, frontal and occipital lobes have role in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) processes. The eye movement is done simultaneously for attracting client;#39s attention to an external stimulus while concentrating on a certain internal subject. Eye movement guided by therapist is the most common attention stimulus. The role of eye movement has been documented previously in relation with cognitive processing mechanisms. A series of systemic experiments have shown that the eyes’ spontaneous movement is associated with emotional and cognitive changes and results in decreased excitement, .exibility in attention, memory processing, and enhanced semantic recalling. Eye movement also decreases the memory;#39s image clarity and the accompanying excitement. By using EMDR, we can reach some parts of memory which were inaccessible before and also emotionally intolerable. Various researches emphasize on the effectiveness of EMDR in treating and curing phobias, pains, and dependent personality disorders. Consequently, due to the involvement of multiple neural system components, this palliative method of treatment can also help to rehabilitate the neuro-cognitive system.