Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Complete Blood Count Parameters as Prognostic Factor of Stroke: A Systematic Review
745
754
EN
Samad
Shams Vahdati
Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
sshamsv@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-4831-6691
Alireza
Ala
Emergency Medicine Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
ala.alireza@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-8231-2937
Nafiseh
Vahed
Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
vahedn66@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-6544-5014
Sahar
Mohammadi
Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
sahar_mohammadi96@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-1805-8433
Hoorolnesa
Ameli
Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
h.med81@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-9060-5294
10.32598/bcn.2021.2168.2
Introduction: Stroke is known as a common cause of disability all over the world. Stroke prognosis estimation has always been a topic of interest. In this study, it was tried to investigate the prognostic value of laboratory findings of complete blood count in a systematic review.
Methods: In this systematic review, literature from Medline via (PubMed, Ovid) Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest between 1988 and 2020 were included. A combination of Mesh and free terms were included in the search strategy: “Stroke”, “Red Cell Distribution Width”, “Blood Cell Count”, “Mean corpuscular hemoglobin”, and “Mean Corpuscular Volume” and with the abbreviation, in all fields. Data synthesis was achieved using content analysis.
Results: Elevated red blood cell distribution width was associated with stroke, cardiovascular events, and all-cause deaths among patients with prior stroke. Mean platelet volume has not any prognostic significance in ischemic stroke. There was a poor association between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and stroke prognosis. Globulin and hemoglobin level predicted short-term mortality following acute ischemic stroke.
Conclusion: Complete blood count as a routine and efficient test performed in health care centers can be used to estimate the prognosis of stroke.
Stroke, Erythrocyte indices, Blood cell count, Prognosis
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1731-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1731-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
The Effect of Involuntary Tactile Stimulation on the Creativity and Rey Auditory-Verbal Memory of Young Adults
755
764
EN
Mahmood
Fotooh Estahbanati
Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
md.fotooh@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-7789-2914%22%20t%20%2
Maryam
Rezaeinasab
Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
ms.rezaei2314@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-2375-601
Soghra
Akbari Chermahini
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
akbariso@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-7025-020
Hossein
Mirzaeekia
Department of English Language, Estahban School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
hossein.mirzaeikia@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-5400-152
Mahdieh
Azin
Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
mahdieh.azin@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-4111-780
Ali
Shamsizadeh
Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
ashamsi@rums.ac.ir
Y
0000-0001-8329-915
10.32598/bcn.2022.147.4
Introduction: Recent studies have revealed the possibility of learning skills through alternative methods and repetitive tactile stimulation without explicit training. This study aimed to examine the effect of involuntary tactile stimulation on the memory and creativity of healthy participants.
Methods: A group of 92 right-handed students participated in this study voluntarily. They were assigned to the experimental (n=45) and control (n=47) groups. The participants performed two creativity tests (divergent and convergent thinking) and a verbal memory task as the pretest. Then, the experimental group received 30-min involuntary tactile stimulation on the right index finger, and the control group did not. In the posttest, both groups were asked to perform the creativity and verbal memory tasks again.
Results: The learning score and speed of the Rey auditory-verbal learning test in the stimulation group significantly increased (P=0.02). Moreover, in the creativity-related tests, there was a significant effect of the intervention on convergent thinking, i.e., the remote association task (P=0.03), but not for the divergent thinking, i.e., the alternative uses test (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Using involuntary tactile stimulation on the index finger of the right hand of individuals could enhance their performance in verbal memory and creativity-convergent thinking.
Tactile stimulation, Creativity, Remote association task, Alternative uses test, Memory
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2162-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2162-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
The Effect of Violent and Melodrama Movies on Risky Decision-making and Behavioral Inhibition in Adolescents
765
776
EN
Roya
Ghandali
Department of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
ghandaliroya@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-8170-5958
Peyman
Hassani-Abharian
Department of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
abharian@IRICSS.org
Y
0000-0003-4683-066X
Vahid
Sadeghi-Firoozabadi
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
vsadeghi@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-9524-6120
Roghieh
Nooripour
Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
nooripour.r@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-5677-0894
10.32598/bcn.2021.194.4
Introduction: Brain functional performance is a collection of outstanding mental processing that provides a framework for achieving goals based on targeted behaviors. Disorders in executive functions make it difficult for a person to perform everyday tasks. One of the phenomena highlighted in various media is the violence that adolescents welcome with the production of violent movies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of violent movies on risky decision-making and behavioral inhibition of adolescents and compare the effects of violence with melodrama movies
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with a control group among 60 adolescents (30 girls and 30 boys) living in Tehran City, Iran. They were selected using the available sampling method. For this purpose, neurological tests of Iowa Gambling and go-no go were used.
Results: The results showed that violent movies caused a significant increase in risky decision-making (P<0.05). In addition, these types of movies caused a significant decrease in behavioral inhibition among adolescents (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Movies with ill-mannered stories and content that glorify violence harm adolescents’ decision-making and deterrence, leading them to make risky decisions and weaken their inhibition power.
Violence, Risk Behavior, Movie, Decision Making, Adolescents
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1130-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1130-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Alteration in Neuregulin 1/ERbB4 in Absence Epilepsy: Regulatory Effect on TRPV1 Expression
777
788
EN
Farideh
Talebi
Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
talebi_f@hotmail.com
N
0000-0003-2178-5639
Samira
Ghorbani
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
sgsamsahara@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-3268-5369
Leila
Alizadeh
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
talebi_f@hotmail.com
N
0000-0002-2586-8709
Fatemeh
Akhlaghi
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
talebi_f@hotmail.com
N
0000-0001-8559-6605
Sedigheh Sadat
Moeeni
Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
talebi_f@hotmail.com
N
0000-0003-0724-3040
Fariba
Karimzadeh
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
karimzade.f@iums.ac.ir
Y
0000-0002-8805-3486
10.32598/bcn.2021.731.2
Introduction: The footprint of Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) / ERbB4 in the pathophysiology of some neurological disorders and TRPV1 regulation has been indicated. The alterations in NRG1 and ErbB4 as well as the TRPV1 signaling pathway were investigated during the development of absence epilepsy in the genetic animal model of absence epilepsy.
Methods: Male WAG/Rij and Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups of two and six months of age. The protein levels of NRG1, ERbB4, and TRPV1 were measured in the somatosensory cortex and hippocampus.
Results: The cortical protein levels of NRG1 and ErbB4 in the 6-month-old WAG/Rij rats were lower than in Wistar rats. Protein levels of TRPV1 were lower in two- and six-month-old WAG/Rij rats compared to age-matched Wistar rats.
Hippocampal protein levels of NRG1 in 6-month-old WAG/Rij rats were lower than two-month-old WAG/Rij rats. Low levels of ErbB4 protein in two-month-old and high levels in six-month-old WAG/Rij rats were found compared to Wistar rats. Protein levels of TRPV1 were lower in the two-month-old and higher in the six-month-old WAG/Rij rats compared to age-matched Wistar rats.
Furthermore, a high correlation between NRG1/ERbB4 and TRPV1 expressions in the cortex and hippocampus was indicated. The expression of NRG1/ERbB4 and TRPV1 followed a similar pattern during the life span of Wistar and WAG/Rij rats.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated the potential role of the NRG1/ErbB4 pathway as well as TRPV1 in the pathogenesis of absence epilepsy. The regulatory effect of the ERbB4 receptor on the TRPV1 expression has been suggested following the similar pattern of expression.
Epilepsy, Cerebral Cortex, Neuregulins, Transient Receptor Potential Channels, Receptor, ErbB-4
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2083-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2083-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Calcium Supplementation Ameliorates Cerebellar Oxidative Stress in Lactational Aluminum-induced Neurotoxicity in Rats
789
798
EN
Gabriel
Olaiya Omotoso
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B., Ilorin, Nigeria.
omotoso.go@unilorin.edu.ng
Y
0000-0001-7727-6943
Ridwan
Adeniyi Olanrewaju
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B., Ilorin, Nigeria.
lawmaka83@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-1854-4658
Nathaniel O.
Amedu
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B., Ilorin, Nigeria.
amedunath11@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-8490-2292
Rhoda
Mama Kolo
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B., Ilorin, Nigeria.
rhodakolo@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-8532-0553
Ismail
Temitayo Gbadamosi
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B., Ilorin, Nigeria.
ismail.tayo@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-1932-7519
10.32598/bcn.2022.1347.2
Introduction: The neurotoxic effects of aluminum exposure during the critical period of neurodevelopment have been well documented. This study investigated the known protective effects of calcium supplementation on the cerebellum of juvenile Wistar rats following aluminum-induced neurotoxicity during lactation.
Methods: Four groups of juvenile rats were exposed via lactation to distilled water (control group), aluminum (40 mg/kg/d), calcium supplement (50 mg/kg/d), and a combination of both aluminum and calcium from postnatal day 4 to day 28. The cerebella of the animals were excised to access the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), histomorphological alterations (hematoxylin and eosin staining), Nissl profile (cresyl fast violet staining), and glial activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry).
Results: Lactational aluminum significantly decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase while exacerbating lipid peroxidation and reactive astrocyte in cerebellar lysates. Lactational calcium supplementation normalized the activities of SOD and GPx, thereby preventing excessive lipid peroxidation and glial activation. Despite no apparent changes in the general histology of the cerebellum, aluminum-induced chromatolysis changes in the Purkinje cell layer, which was counteracted by the antioxidant propensities of calcium supplementation.
Conclusion: These findings support that calcium supplementation significantly protects the cerebellum against aluminum-induced oxidative stress, chromatolysis, and neuroinflammation.
Aluminum, Calcium, Cerebellum, Lactation, Oxidative stress, Glial activation, Astroglia
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Ultra-Rapid Opioid Detoxification Outcome
799
806
EN
Hamid
Mirhosseini
Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Mirhosseini@ssu.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-3505-109X
Masoud
Kargar
Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
masoudkargar1985@gmail.com
Y
Michael
Nitsche
Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany. Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany.
nitsche@ifado.de
N
0000-0002-2207-5965
Mohammad Ali
Sheikhi Abarghouei
Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
m.a.sheiki55@gmail.com
N
Mohammad Ali
Nazari
Department of Psychology, Neuroscience laboratory, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
alinazari@tabrizu.ac.ir
N
0000-0002-0340-994X
Ghasem
Dastjerdi
Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
drgdastjerdi@ssu.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-6205-9081
10.32598/bcn.2021.1573.1
Introduction: The persistence of post-detoxification problems in drug addiction is one of the disadvantages of the ultra-rapid opioid detoxification (UROD) method. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been introduced in experimental addiction treatment for some years. Results of pilot studies suggest that it might be a promising method for addiction treatment. This study explores the adjunctive application of tDCS during treating opiate addiction with the UROD approach.
Methods: This double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was carried out on patients with substance abuse admitted to the Bahman Clinic of Yazd City in Iran (from March to September 2014). Forty participants were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. Two sessions of tDCS (real or sham) over dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) were applied, accompanied by UROD. Withdrawal symptoms and craving were assessed by the drug desire questionnaire and objective opiate withdrawal scale before UROD and for the 24-hour interval after.
Results: Transcranial direct current stimulation optimized the opiate addiction treatment through craving and withdrawal syndrome alleviation.
Conclusion: The study results indicate that prefrontal tDCS may promote the efficacy of the UROD method in opioid addiction.
Craving, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Substance withdrawal syndrome, Opioid-related disorders
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1360-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1360-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
The Association Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Vitamin D Level With the Evolution and Severity of Stroke
807
814
EN
Anahid
Safari
Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
safarianahid@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-8272-291X
Nima
Fadakar
Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Drfanima@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-4083-5577
Afshin
Borhani-Haghighi
Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
neuro.ab@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-4131-7990
10.32598/bcn.2021.1971.1
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the evolution of ischemic stroke, but the data regarding the association between stroke severity and vitamin D level is scarce.
Methods: Patients with first-ever ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory, within seven days after the stroke, were recruited. The control group included age- and gender-matched individuals. We compared 25-OH vitamin D (vitamin D), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and osteopontin levels between stroke patients and the control group. The association between stroke severity according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Alberta stroke program early CT score (ASPECTS) and levels of vitamin D and inflammatory biomarkers were also studied.
Results: There was an association between hypertension (P=0.035), diabetes mellitus (P=0.043), smoking (P=0.016), history of ischemic heart disease (P=0.002), higher SAA (P<0.001), higher hsCRP (P<0.001), and lower vitamin D levels (P=0.002) and stroke evolution in a case-control study. Meanwhile, in stroke patients, its severity was associated with higher SAA (P=0.04) and hsCRP (P=0.001), and lower vitamin D levels (P=0.043) according to clinical scale (higher admission NIHSS). According to the ASPECT score, higher SAA (P=0.017) and hsCRP (P=0.007), but not lower vitamin D levels, were associated with more infarct areas (P=0.149).
Conclusion: Vitamin D may play a role in both the evolution and severity of stroke.
Ischemic stroke, Cerebrovascular accident, Vitamin D, High sensitive C-reactive protein, Serum Amyloid A, Osteopontin
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1577-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1577-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Brain Structural Covariance Network in Asperger Syndrome Differs From Those in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls
815
838
EN
Farnaz
Faridi
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
farnaz1358@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-2072-2716
Afrooz
Seyedebrahimi
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
afrooz.seyedebrahimi@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-2982-1078
Reza
Khosrowabadi
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
r.khosrowabadi@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-6282-9389
10.32598/bcn.2021.2262.1
Introduction: Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with social, cognitive and behavioral impairments. These impairments are often reported along with alteration of the brain structure such as abnormal changes in the grey matter (GM) density. However, it is not yet clear whether these changes could be used to differentiate various subtypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Method: We compared the regional changes of GM density in ASD, Asperger's Syndrome (AS) individuals and a group of healthy controls (HC). In addition to regional changes itself, the amount of GM density changes in one region as compared to other brain regions was also calculated. We hypothesized that this structural covariance network could differentiate the AS individuals from the ASD and HC groups. Therefore, statistical analysis was performed on the MRI data of 70 male subjects including 26 ASD (age=14-50, IQ=92-132), 16 AS (age=7-58, IQ=93-133) and 28 HC (age=9-39, IQ=95-144).
Result: The one-way ANOVA on the GM density of 116 anatomically separated regions showed significant differences among the groups. The pattern of structural covariance network indicated that covariation of GM density between the brain regions is altered in ASD.
Conclusion: This changed structural covariance could be considered as a reason for less efficient segregation and integration of information in the brain that could lead to cognitive dysfunctions in autism. We hope these findings could improve our understanding about the pathobiology of autism and may pave the way towards a more effective intervention paradigm.
Autism spectrum disorder, Asperger syndrome, Grey matter, Magnetic resonance imaging, Structural covariance network
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1671-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1671-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
The Efficacy of N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) Supplementation in FST Model for Screening Antidepressants
839
854
EN
Adejoke
Elizabeth Memudu
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Edo State University, Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria.
jokememudu@gmail.com
Y
0000-0002-0204-8740
10.32598/bcn.2023.2356.2
Introduction: The model for screening antidepressant-like activity in pre-clinical drug studies include, rat forced swimming test (FST). The reports on N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant supplement in stress related disorder is well documented. This study was aimed at potential antidepressant mechanism of N- Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), a glutamate precursor on FST animal model for screening antidepressant drugs using fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as standard antidepressant drug.
Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats used for this study were randomly divided into six groups each with five (n=5) rats. The control group (A) received 1 ml of normal saline daily, group B served as the FST model, group C received 200mg/kg/day of NAC, group D received 20mg/kg/day of fluoxetine, group E the FST model treated with 200mg/kg/day of NAC, and F is the FST model treated with 20mg/kg/day of fluoxetine. Drugs were given orally. The effects of NAC on brain weights, the FST paradigms, sucrose preference test (SPT) for anhedonia were assessed and data analyzed using ANOVA where Tukey post-hoc test for statistical significance was set at (p < 0.05). The brains fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, were processed and the paraffin embedded tissue were serially sectioned at 5 µm thick to be stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) stain, immuno-histochemistry for synaptophysin (p38) and astrocytes (GFAP) activities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).
Results: Findings showed that NAC prevented FST-induced anxiety-like behaviors demonstrated by an increased SPT (that alleviates anhedonia), mobility time, and reduced immobility time. NAC caused an increase in brain weights and prevented FST-induced neurodegeneration, the proliferation of reactive astrocytes, and diminished synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the PFC similar to that seen in fluoxetine a standard anti-depressant drug.
Conclusion: NAC treatment significantly exhibits its neuroprotective mechanism via inhibiting the proliferation of reactive astrocytes, which protects neurons and synapses from oxidative tissue damage induced by FST, hence an increase in synaptophysin activity that culminates in increased neural activity, increased SPT, and reduced immobility time.
N-acetylcysteine, Anxiety, Astrocytes, Synaptophysin, Anhedonia, Prefrontal cortex
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1944-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1944-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Resting-state Functional Connectivity During Controlled Respiratory Cycles Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
855
864
EN
Chan-A
Park
Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
chaoskit21c@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-1412-1156
Yeong-Bae
Lee
Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
yeongbaelee@gmail.com
N
0000-0001-5952-1423
Chang-Ki
Kang
Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
ckkang@gachon.ac.kr
Y
0000-0002-9573-8432
10.32598/bcn.2022.2534.1
Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of controlled mouth breathing during the resting state using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Methods: Eleven subjects participated in this experiment in which the controlled “Nose” and “Mouth” breathings of 6 s respiratory cycle were performed with a visual cue at 3T MRI. Voxel-wise seed-to-voxel maps and whole-brain region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI connectome maps were analyzed in both “Nose>Mouth” and “Mouth>Nose” contrasts.
Results: As a result, there were more connection pairs in the “Mouth” breathing condition, i.e., 14 seeds and 14 connecting pairs in the “Mouth>Nose” contrast, compared to 7 seeds and 4 connecting pairs in the “Nose>Mouth” contrast (false discovery rate [FDR] of P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that mouth breathing with controlled respiratory cycles could significantly induce alterations in functional connectivity in the resting-state network, suggesting that it can differently affect resting brain function; in particular, the brain can hardly rest during mouth breathing, as opposed to conventional nasal breathing.
Respiratory rate, Functional connectivity, Functional MRI
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1784-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1784-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Canonicity Effect on Sentence Processing of Persian-speaking Broca’s Patients
865
874
EN
Omid
Azad
Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, University of Gonabad, Gonabad, Iran.
oazad62@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0002-0265-0037
10.32598/bcn.2021.2777.1
Introduction: Fundamental notions of mapping hypothesis and canonicity were scrutinized in Persian-speaking aphasics.
Methods: To this end, the performance of four age-, education-, and gender matched Persian-speaking Broca's patients and eight matched healthy controls in diverse complex structures were compared via the conduction of two tasks of syntactic comprehension and grammaticality judgment.
Results: The tested structures included subject agentive, agentive passive, object experience, subject experience, subject cleft, and object cleft constructions. Our results, while corroborating the predictions of the mapping hypothesis, showed that in structures, in which linguistic elements were substituted and dislocated out of their canonical syntactic positions, namely, agentive passive, subject experiencer, object experiencer, and object cleft constructions, Broca’s problems escalated. In contrast, in those structures whose constituent concatenations were aligned with canonical syntactic structures, namely subject agentive, and cleft structures, patients had above the chance performance. Ultimately, the theoretical and clinical implications of the study were discussed.
Conclusion: The number of predicates in a sentence, predicate types (psychological and agentive), as well as semantic heuristics and canonicity all by all could be regarded as the major culprits for aphasics' poor performance.
Heuristics, Mapping hypothesis, Broca area, Object experience
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1875-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1875-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Celiac Disease and Refractory Epilepsy in Patients Referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia
875
882
EN
Hanieh
Mollazadeh
Patient Safety Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Hany_f85@yahoo.com
N
0000-0002-5345-3025
Surena
Nazarbaghi
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Surena.nazarbaghi@gmail.com
N
0000-0002-9194-3666
Mohammad Reza
Pashaei
Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
dr.pashaei@yahoo.com
Y
0000-0001-7370-2087
10.32598/bcn.2021.3341.1
Introduction: Celiac disease can be associated with other diseases, including neurological disorders. In this study, the relationship between celiac disease and refractory epilepsy was evaluated in patients who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with refractory epilepsy who were referred to the neurology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, during the second half of 2019 and cases with controlled epilepsy were studied as a control group. The statistical population of the present study included 50 patients with refractory seizures and 50 patients with controlled seizures. The mean age of patients was 32.96±11.35 years. Five milliliters of blood samples were taken from the patients, and a serum anti-tTG test was performed using the ELISA kit. Then, in patients with positive anti-tTG, a duodenal biopsy sample was prepared using an endoscopy.
Results: This study showed that the mean serum level of anti-tTG in patients with refractory epilepsy was higher than in patients with controlled epilepsy. Anti-tTG test results were positive in five out of 50 patients with refractory epilepsy, and it was positive in two out of 50 patients with controlled epilepsy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of serum levels of anti-tTG (P=0.14). Also, there was no significant relationship between serum levels of anti-tTG, age, and genus (P>0.05). Biopsy results in three patients in the refractory epilepsy group and one patient in the controlled epilepsy group were in favor of a definitive diagnosis of celiac disease. Patients with confirmed celiac disease using endoscopy had higher anti-tTG levels (P=0.006).
Conclusion: There was no significant difference between celiac disease in cases with refractory epilepsy and controlled epilepsy.
Celiac disease, Epilepsy, Refractory, Transglutaminase
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2142-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2142-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Brain Functional Correlates of Intelligence Score in ADHD Based on EEG
883
892
EN
Mohammad
Rostami
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabaie University, Tehran, Iran.
psy.rostami@gmail.com
N
Farnaz
Faridi
Institut for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
farnaz1358@gmail.com
N
0000-0003-2072-2716
Reza
Khosrowabadi
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
r_khosroabadi@sbu.ac.ir
Y
0000-0002-6282-9389
10.32598/bcn.2021.1904.1
Introduction: It has been shown that intelligence as a general mental ability is related to the structure and function of the brain regions. However, the specificity of these regional dependencies to the intelligence scores in the typical and atypical developed individuals needs to be well understood. In this study, we hypothesized that neural correlates of IQ should not have a fixed pattern rather they must follow a dynamic pattern to compensate for the functional deficits caused by a neurodevelopmental disorder. Therefore, electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of normal IQ in various subtypes of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) were compared with a group of healthy controls.
Methods: Sixty-three ADHD subjects comprising combined, inattentive, and hyperactive individuals diagnosed by a psychiatrist using structural clinical interview for DSM-V, and 46 healthy controls with similar normal IQ scores were recruited in this study. The subjects’ EEG data were then recorded during an eye-closed resting condition. The subjects’ intelligence level was measured by Raven’s standard progressive matrices. Then, the association between IQ and the power of the EEG signal was computed in the conventional frequency bands. Subsequently, topographical representations of these associations were compared between the groups.
Results: Our results demonstrated that the association between IQ score and EEG power is not the same in various ADHD subtypes and healthy controls.
Conclusion: This finding suggests a compensatory mechanism in ADHD individuals for changing the regional oscillatory pattern to maintain the IQ within a normal range.
ADHD Subtype, Intelligence Score, EEG, Power Spectrum
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1726-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1726-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
13
6
2022
11
1
Repetitive Suicidal Behaviors in a Case With a New Mutation of Wolfram Syndrome: A Jump From the Gene to the Behavior
893
900
EN
Fatemeh Sadat
Mirfazeli
Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
mirfazeli.f@iums.ac.ir
N
0000-0001-8361-8639
Fatemeh
Mohebi
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
fh.mohebbi@yahoo.com
N
Amin
Jahanbakhshi
Skull Base Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Rasool Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
jahanbakhshi.a@iums.ac.ir
N
Omid
Aryani
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
o_aryani@yahoo.com
N
0000-0001-5963-142X
Mostafa
Almasi-Dooghaee
Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
almasidoghaei.m@iums.ac.ir
Y
0000-0002-3244-1615
10.32598/bcn.2021.910.3
Wolfram syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease with variable symptoms, including neuropsychiatric manifestations. A 26-year-old man was reported with classic symptoms of WS and repetitive psychiatric hospitalizations and at least 16 suicidal attempts. The genetic study demonstrated a novel homozygous stop-codon mutation on the WFS1 gene. This special type of mutation may be related to repetitive suicidal behaviors in this case of WS. Psychological support should be a routine practice in patients with WS.
Wolfram syndrome, Suicidal behavior, Gene, Mutation, WFS1 gene
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2233-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2233-en.pdf