Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
Affective Visual Stimuli: Characterization of the Picture Sequences Impacts by Means of Nonlinear Approaches
209
222
EN
Ateke
Goshvarpour
Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
ak_goshvarpour@sut.ac.ir
N
Ataollah
Abbasi
Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand, Tabriz, Iran.
ata.abbasi@sut.ac.ir
Y
Atefeh
Goshvarpour
Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
af_goshvarpour@sut.ac.ir
N
Introduction: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of preceding
pictorial stimulus on the emotional autonomic responses of the subsequent one. Methods: To this effect, physiological signals, including Electrocardiogram (ECG), Pulse
Rate (PR), and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) were collected. As these signals have random
and chaotic nature, nonlinear dynamics of these physiological signals were evaluated with the
methods of nonlinear system theory. Considering the hypothesis that emotional responses are
usually associated with previous experiences of a subject, the subjective ratings of 4 emotional
states were also evaluated. Four nonlinear characteristics (including Detrended Fluctuation
Analysis (DFA), based parameters, Lyapunov exponent, and approximate entropy) were
implemented. Nine standard features (including mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum,
median, mode, the second, third, and fourth moment) were also extracted. Results: To evaluate the ability of features in discriminating different types of emotions, some
classification approaches were appraised, of them, Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) led to
the best classification rate of 100%. The results show that considering the emotional sequences,
GSR is the best candidate for the representation of the physiological changes. Discussion: Lower discrimination was attained when the sequence occurred in the diagonal line
of valence-arousal coordinates (for instance, positive valence and positive arousal versus negative
valence and negative arousal). By employing self-assessment ranks, no obvious improvement
was achieved.
Signal, Emotion, Nonlinear dynamics, Sequences, Selfassessment
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-527-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-527-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
Evaluation of Attention Bias in Morphine and Methamphetamine Abusers towards Emotional Scenes during Early Abstinence: An Eye-Tracking Study
223
230
EN
Maryam
Soleimannejad
neuroscience department.Iran University of Medical Sciences
soleimanigp@gmail.com
N
Mehdi
Tehrani-Doost
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Roozbeh Psychiatry Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
tehranid@sina.tums.ac.ir
Y
Anahita
Khorrami
Institute for Cognitive science Study
Khorrami@Iricss.org
N
Mohammad Taghi
Joghataei
neuroscience department.Iran University of Medical Sciences
N
Ebrahim
Pishyareh
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation
Ebipishyareh@uswr.ac.ir
N
Introduction: We hypothesized that inappropriate attention during the period of abstinence
in individuals with substance use disorder can result in an inadequate perception of emotion
and unsuitable reaction to emotional scenes. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the
attentional bias towards emotional images in former substance abusers and compare it to healthy
adults. Methods: Paired images of general scenes consisting of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral
images were presented to subjects for 3 s while their attentional bias and eye movements were
measured by eye tracking. The participants were 72 male adults consisting of 23 healthy control,
24 morphine former abusers, and 25 methamphetamine former abusers. The former abusers
were recruited from a private addiction quitting center and addiction rehabilitation campus. The
healthy individuals were selected from general population. Number and duration of first fixation,
duration of first gaze, and sustained attention towards emotional scenes were measured as the
main variables and the data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: A significant difference was observed between former morphine abusers and healthy
control in terms of number and duration of first fixations and first gaze duration towards pleasant
images. Discussion: Individuals with morphine use disorder have more problems with attending to
emotional images compared to methamphetamine abusers and healthy people.
Attention, Emotion, Morphine, Methamphetamine
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-533-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-533-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
Motor Learning and Movement Performance: Older versus Younger Adults
231
238
EN
Fatemeh
Ehsani
PhD candidate, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Lecturer, School of rehabilitation, nouromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Fatemehehsani59@yahoo.com
N
Iraj
Abdollahi
PhD, PT,Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
irajabdollahi@hotmail.com
N
Mohammad Ali
Mohseni Bandpei
Professor, Iranian Research Centre on Aging, Department of Physiotherapy, university of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran. AND Visiting Professor, University Institute of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Mohseni_bandpei@yahoo.com
N
Nahid
Zahiri
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
zahiri_nahid@yahoo.com
N
Shapour
Jaberzadeh
Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. PO Box: 527, Frankston, VIC 3199
jaberzadeh@med.monash.edu.au
Y
Introduction: Motor skills play an important role during life span, and older adults need to learn
or relearn these skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate how aging affects induction
of improved movement performance by motor training. Methods: Serial Reaction Time Test (SRTT) was used to assess movement performance during
8 blocks of motor training. Participants were tested in two separate dates, 48 hours apart. First
session included 8 blocks of training (blocks 1-8) and second session comprised 2 blocks (blocks
9, 10). Results: Analyses of data showed that reaction times in both online and offline learning were
significantly shorter in older adults compared to younger adults (P<0.001). Young adults
demonstrated both online and offline learning (P<0.001), but older adults only showed online
learning (P<0.001) without offline learning (P=0.24). Discussion: The result of the current study provides evidence that the healthy older adults are
able to improve their performance with practice and learn motor skill successfully in the form
of online learning.
Ageing, Perceptual motor performance, Learning
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-575-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-575-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
Effects of Memantine, an NMDA Antagonist, on Metabolic Syndromes in Female NMRI Mice
239
252
EN
Naser
Osanloo
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
nosanlo1353@gmail.com
N
Nahid
Sarahian
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Niavaran, Araj St., P.O. Box: 19395-6558, Tehran, Iran.
sarahiannahid@yahoo.com
Y
Homeira
Zardooz
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
homeira_zardooz@yahoo.com
N
Hedayat
Sahraei
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
hsahraei1343@gmail.com
N
Mohammad
Sahraei
Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
mohammadsahraei74@yahoo.com
N
Bahareh
Sadeghi
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah (a.s.) University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
aspergilus_ochera@yahoo.com
N
Introduction: The brain glutamate neurotransmitter system and its NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens play an important role in the incidence of the phenomena of sensitivity and addiction. The present study examined the inhibitory effect of glutamate NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens in response to chronic stress. Methods: After the unilateral and bilateral cannula placement in the nucleus accumbens, one group of the animals received different intra-accumbens doses of memantine (0.1, 0.5 and 1 µg/mouse) 5 minutes before receiving the electric shock stress at their soles (using a Communication Box) and the other group received intraperitoneal doses of memantine (0.1, 0.5 and 1mg/kg) 30 minutes before receiving the same shock. Chronic stress increased the animals' plasma corticosterone, food and water intake and weight and reduced their defecation rates and eating latency.
Results: The intraperitoneal administration of memantine increased plasma corticosterone, water intake, fecal weight and eating latency, but had no effect on food intake or weight. The dose and site-dependent intra-accumbens administration of memantine either exacerbated the effects of stress on plasma corticosterone levels and water and food intake, or else had no effect on these parameters. Furthermore, the administration of memantine had no effect on animal’s weight and inhibited the effects of stress on fecal weight and eating latency. Discussion: The inhibition of glutamate NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens can inhibit and/or exacerbate the dose and site-dependent effects of chronic stress, with gender playing a significant role in producing this effect.
NMDA receptors, Nucleus accumbens, Stress, Memantine, Mouse
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-628-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-628-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
Successful Reconstruction of Nerve Defects Using Distraction Neurogenesis with a New Experimental Device
253
264
EN
Mohamed Abdelhamid Ali
Yousef
Experimental Surgery and Microsurgery Research Unit, Department of General Surgery, University of Pavia, V.le Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
dr_mohamed_222@yahoo.com
Y
Paolo
Dionigi
Organization
N
Stefania
Marconi
Organization
N
Alberto
Calligaro
Organization
N
Antonia Icaro
Cornaglia
Organization
N
Enrico
Alfonsi
Organization
N
Ferdinando
Auricchio
Organization
N
Introduction: Repair of peripheral nerve injuries is an intensive area of challenge and research in
modern reconstructive microsurgery. Intensive research is being carried out to develop effective
alternatives to the standard nerve autografting, avoiding its drawbacks. The aim of the study was
to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed mechanical device for the reconstruction of the
sciatic nerve in rats in comparison to nerve autografting and to assess the pain during the period
of distraction neurogenesis. Methods: Fourteen Sprague Dawley rats were used and randomly assigned into 2 groups with
7 rats in each group group A (Nerve Autografting group) in which a 10-mm segment of the
sciatic nerve was resected and rotated 180 degrees, then primary end-to-end neurorrhaphy was
performed in the reverse direction group B (Nerve Lengthening group) in which the mechanical
device was inserted after surgical resection of 10 mm of the sciatic nerve, then secondary endto-
end neurorrhaphy was performed after completing the nerve lengthening. Thirteen weeks
later, assessment of the functional sciatic nerve recovery using static sciatic index (SSI) was
performed. Furthermore, fourteen weeks after the nerve resection, assessment of the nerve
regeneration with electrophysiological study and histological analysis were performed. Also,
gastrocnemius wet weight was measured. For pain assessment in group B, Rat Grimace Scale
(RGS) score was used. Results: Significantly better functional recovery rate (using the SSI) was reported in the nerve
lengthening group in comparison to autografting group. Also, a statistically significant higher
nerve conduction velocity was detected in the nerve lengthening group. On histological analysis
of the distal nerve section at 3 mm distal to the nerve repair site, significant myelin sheath
thickness was detected in the nerve lengthening group. Discussion: Distraction neurogenesis with the new experimental device is a reliable therapeutic
method for the reconstruction of nerve defects.
Nerve lengthening, Peripheral nerve injuries, Nerve regeneration
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-637-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-637-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
An fMRI Study of Risky Decision Making: The Role of Mental Preparation and Conflict
265
270
EN
Ahmad
Sohrabi
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
sohrabya@gmail.com
Y
Andra
M. Smith
University of Ottawa, Ottawa
andra.smith@uottawa.ca
N
Robert
L. West
Carleton University, Ottawa
robert_west@carleton.ca
N
Ian
Cameron
University of Ottawa, Ottawa
icameron@ottawahospital.on.ca
N
Introduction: The current study aimed to elucidate the role of preparatory cognitive control in
decision making and its neural correlates using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).
To this effect, by employing a series of new cognitive tasks, we assessed the role of preparatory
cognitive control in monetary (risky) decision making. Methods: The participants had to decide between a risky and a safe gamble based on their
chance of winning (high or low). In the 2-phase gambling task (similar to Cambridge gambling
task), the chance and the gamble were presented at the same time (i.e. in a single phase), but in
a new 3-phase gambling task, the chance is presented before the gamble. The tasks ended with
a feedback phase. Results: In the 3-phase task, holding the chance in memory to guide their decision enabled
the participants to have more control on their risk taking behaviors as shown by activation in a
network of brain areas involved in the control and conflict, including dorsal Anterior Cingulate
Cortex (dACC), indexed by faster reaction times and better performance in the gambling task,
and the temporal lobe, which has a role in holding contextual information. Discussion: Holding information in memory to guide decision presumably enables the
participants to have more control on their risk taking behaviors. The conflict and uncertainty
resulting from this risky decision was indexed by the activation of dACC, known to be activated
in conflict and cognitive control.
Decision making, Memory, Control, Conflict, Anterior cingulate cortex, Functional magnetic resonance imaging
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-528-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-528-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
Exploring Neural Correlates of Different Dimensions in Drug Craving Self-Reports among Heroin Dependents
271
284
EN
Peyman
Hassani-Abharian
1. Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran. 3. Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
abharian1972@yahoo.com
N
Habib
Ganjgahi
Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
h.ganjgahi@gmail.com
N
Hosein
Tabatabaei-Jafari
Centre for research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University, ACT, Australia.
dr.tabatabaei@yahoo.ca
N
Mohammad Ali
Oghabian
Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.-Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran.
oghabian@sina.tums.ac.ir
N
Azarakhsh
Mokri
Clinical Department, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
mokri@ams.ac.ir
N
Hamed
Ekhtiari
Neuroimaging and Analysis Group (NIAG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, Iran.
h.ekhtiari@gmail.com
Y
Introduction: Drug craving could be described as a motivational state which drives drug
dependents towards drug seeking and use. Different types of self-reports such as craving feeling,
desire and intention, wanting and need, imagery of use, and negative affect have been attributed
to this motivational state. By using subjective self-reports for different correlates of drug craving
along with functional neuroimaging with cue exposure paradigm, we investigated the brain
regions that could correspond to different dimensions of subjective reports for heroin craving. Methods: A total of 25 crystalline-heroin smokers underwent functional magnetic resonance
imaging (fMRI), while viewing heroin-related and neutral cues presented in a block-design task.
During trial intervals, subjects verbally reported their subjective feeling of cue induced craving
(CIC). After fMRI procedure, participants reported the intensity of their “need for drug use”
and “drug use imagination” on a 0-100 visual analog scale (VAS). Afterwards, they completed
positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) and desire for drug questionnaire (DDQ) with 3
components of “desire and intention to drug use,” “negative reinforcement,” and “loss of control.” Results: The study showed significant correlation between “subjective feeling of craving” and
activation of the left and right anterior cingulate cortex, as well as right medial frontal gyrus.
Furthermore, the “desire and intention to drug use” was correlated with activation of the left
precentral gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. Subjects also exhibited
significant correlation between the “need for drug use” and activation of the right inferior
temporal gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus, and right parahippocampal gyrus. Correlation
between subjective report of “heroin use imagination” and activation of the cerebellar vermis was
also observed. Another significant correlation was between the “negative affect” and activation
of the left precuneus, right putamen, and right middle temporal gyrus. Discussion: This preliminary study proposes different neural correlates for various dimensions
of subjective craving self-reports. It could reflect multidimensionality of cognitive functions
corresponding with drug craving. These cognitive functions could represent their motivational
and affective outcomes in a single item “subjective craving feeling” or in self-reports with
multiple dissociable items, such as intention, need, imagination, or negative feeling. The new
psychological models of drug craving for covering various dimensions of subjective craving
self-reports based on their neurocognitive correspondence could potentially modify craving
assessments in addiction medicine.
Craving, Self-report, Heroin, fMRI
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-662-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
The Antinociceptive Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Borago Officinalis Flower in Male Rats Using Formalin Test
285
290
EN
Mohammad Reza
Shahraki
Associate professor of physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Zahedan, Iran.
iranmirshekari@yahoo.com
N
Mahdieh
Ahmadimoghadm
Local Studies & Specialty Services of Jahad-e-Daneshgahi, Sistan and Baluchistan Branch, Zahedan, Iran.
research.sb@acecr.ac.ir
Y
Ahmad Reza
Shahraki
surgical unit, Emam Ali Hospital
ar_shahraki@yahoo.com
N
Introduction: Borago officinalis flower (borage) is a known sedative in herbal medicine the aim
of the present study was to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of borage hydroalcoholic extract
in formalin test male rats. Methods: Fifty-six adult male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups:
Control groups of A (intact), B (saline), and C (Positive control) plus test groups of D, E, F,
and G (n=8). The groups D, E , and F received 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg, Borago officinalis
flower hydroalcholic extract before the test, respectively but group G received 25 mg/kg borage
extract and aspirin before the test. A biphasic pain was induced by injection of formalin 1%. The
obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software ver. 17 employing statistical tests of Kruskal-
Wallis and Mann-Whitney. The results were expressed as mean±SD. Statistical differences were
considered significant at P<0.05. Results: The results revealed that the acute and chronic pain behavior score in test groups of
D, E, F, and G significantly decreased compared to groups A and B, but this score did not show
any difference compared to group C. Moreover, chronic pain behavior score in group G was
significantly lower than all other groups. Discussion: The results indicated that Borago officinalis hydroalcoholic extract affects the acute
and chronic pain behavior response in formaline test male rats.
Formalin test, Rat, Pain behavior, Borago officinalis
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-589-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-589-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
NEuro COgnitive REhabilitation for Disease of Addiction (NECOREDA) Program: From Development to Trial
291
298
EN
Tara
Rezapour
Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
tara.rezapour@gmail.com
N
Javad
Hatami
Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
hatamijm@gmail.com
N
Ali
Farhoudian
Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
farhoudian@yahoo.com
N
Mehmet
Sofuoglu
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, CT, USA.
mehmet.sofuoglu@yale.edu
N
Alireza
Noroozi
Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
a_r_noroozi@yahoo.com
N
Reza
Daneshmand
Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
daneshmand74@yahoo.com
N
Ahmadreza
Samiei
Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
ahmadrezasamiei2014@gmail.com
N
Hamed
Ekhtiari
Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
H_Ekhtiari@razi.tums.ac.ir
Y
Despite extensive evidence for cognitive deficits associated with drug use and multiple
publications supporting the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation treatment (CRT) services for drug
addictions, there are a few well-structured tools and organized programs to improve cognitive
abilities in substance users. Most published studies on cognitive rehabilitation for drug dependent
patients used rehabilitation tools, which have been previously designed for other types of brain
injuries such as schizophrenia or traumatic brain injuries and not specifically designed for drug
dependent patients. These studies also suffer from small sample size, lack of follow-up period
assessments and or comprehensive treatment outcome measures. To address these limitations,
we decided to develop and investigate the efficacy of a paper and pencil cognitive rehabilitation
package called NECOREDA (Neurocognitive Rehabilitation for Disease of Addiction) to improve
neurocognitive deficits associated with drug dependence particularly caused by stimulants (e.g.
amphetamine type stimulants and cocaine) and opiates. To evaluate the feasibility of NECOREDA
program, we conducted a pilot study with 10 opiate and methamphetamine dependent patients
for 3 months in outpatient setting. NECOREDA was revised based on qualitative comments
received from clients and treatment providers. Final version of NECOREDA is composed of brain
training exercises called “Brain Gym” and psychoeducational modules called “Brain Treasures”
which is implemented in 16 training sessions interleaved with 16 review and practice sessions.
NECOREDA will be evaluated as an add-on intervention to methadone maintenance treatment
in a randomized clinical trial among opiate dependent patients starting from August 2015. We
discuss methodological features of NECOREDA development and evaluation in this article.
Cognitive enhancers, Drug addiction, NECOREDA, Treatment
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-664-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-664-en.pdf
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Basic and Clinical Neuroscience
2008-126X
2228-7442
6
4
2015
10
1
Case Report: Combination Therapy with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor in a Case of Spinal Cord Injury
299
305
EN
Nazi
Derakhshanrad
Brain and Spinal cord Injury Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
nderakhshan@hotmail.com
N
Hooshang
Saberi
Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center (BASIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran.
hgsaberi@yahoo.com
Y
Keyvan
Tayebi Meybodi
Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
ktayebi@gmail.com
N
Mohammad
Taghvaei
Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
m.taghvaei86@gmail.com
N
Babak
Arjmand
Brain and Spinal cord Injury Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
arjmand_itb@yahoo.com
N
Hamid Reza
Aghayan
Brain and Spinal cord Injury Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
hr.aghayan@gmail.com
N
Amir Hassan
Kohan
Brain and Spinal cord Injury Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
kohanah@hotmail.com
N
Mohammad
Haghpanahi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
mhaghpanahi@iust.ac.ir
N
Shahrokh
Rahmani
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
rahmani_shahrokh@mecheng.iust.ac.ir
N
Introduction: Various neuroregenerative procedures have been recently employed along with
neurorehabilitation programs to promote neurological function after Spinal Cord Injury (SCI),
and recently most of them have focused on the acute stage of spinal cord injury. In this report,
we present a case of acute SCI treated with neuroprotective treatments in conjunction with
conventional rehabilitation program.
Methods: A case of acute penetrative SCI (gunshot wound), 40 years old, was treated with
intrathecal bone marrow derived stem cells and parenteral Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating
Factor (G-CSF) along with rehabilitation program. The neurological outcomes as well as safety
issues have been reported. Results: Assessment with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), showed neurological
improvement, meanwhile he reported neuropathic pain, which was amenable to oral medication. Discussion: In the acute setting, combination therapy of G-CSF and intrathecal Mesenchymal
Stem Cells (MSCs) was safe in our case as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation programs.
Further controlled studies are needed to find possible side effects, and establish net efficacy.
Mesenchymal stem cells, Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, Spinal cord injury
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-556-en.html
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-556-en.pdf