OTHERS_CITABLE
The Effect of Electrical Fields From High-voltage Transmission Line on Cognitive, Biological, and Anatomical Changes in Male Rhesus macaque Monkeys Using MRI: A Case Report Study
Introduction: Living near high-voltage power lines and exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is a potentially serious hazard to animal and human health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of high-frequency EMFs from simulated high-voltage electric towers on cognitive, anatomical, and biological changes in the male macaque.
Methods: In this study, two Rhesus macaque were recruited, one experimental and one control. The experimental subject was exposed to EMFs from 3 kV/m simulated electric towers with a specific protocol and the control subject was tested without irradiation (4h per day, for 30 days). All required tests were performed before and after the intervention on experimental and control monkeys. The anatomical alternation of the prefrontal area (PFA) was measured by MRI images. All tests were performed on irradiated and control animals before and after the intervention and the results were compared between irradiated and control animals.
Results: The results of the present study indicated increased white blood cell counts after high-frequency EMFs irradiation. Also, the red blood cell counts showed a decreasing trend after irradiation. The plasma adrenaline level increased after irradiation. Besides, the blood glucose levels increased after irradiation. The PFA was different before and after the irradiation. Moreover, some behavioral disorders, such as fatigue, drowsiness, anorexia, and insomnia were observed after irradiation.
Conclusion: The results of biological tests and MRI showed an elevated risk of immunodeficiency disorders, weakness, and behavioral disorders. People who live or work near high-voltage electric towers with high-frequency EMFs are warned.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1854-en.pdf
2022-07-24
433
442
10.32598/bcn.2021.1340.3
MRI
Rhesus macaque
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs)
High-voltage transmission line
Adrenaline hormone
Hamed
Aliyari
hamedaliyari@gmail.com
1
Department of Psychology, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States.
AUTHOR
Hedayat
Sahraei
2
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-0013
Sahar
Gholabi
sgolabister@gmail.com
3
Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Bagher
Menhaj
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-5532
Masoomeh
Kazemi
hamedaliyari@chmail.ir
5
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed Hossein
Hosseinian
hosseinian@aut.ac.ir
6
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE
Neuroprotective Effects of Berberine Hydrochloride on Methamphetamine-induced Cognitive Dysfunction: Immunohistochemical and Behavioral Studies in Rats
Introduction: Methamphetamine (MA) as an addictive psychostimulant drug affects the central nervous system. The current research aimed to evaluate the impact of berberine hydrochloride on improving cognitive function and neuroprotective effects in rats addicted to MA.
Methods: In this study, 27 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups, including control, MA addiction, and MA addiction with berberine hydrochloride (100 mg/kg/d) orally during the three weeks of withdrawal. Two groups received self-administered inhaled MA for two weeks (up to 10 mg/kg). Following the experimental procedures, a Morris water maze (MWM) and shuttle box were used to assess memory, and hippocampal sections from the animals were examined for caspase-3, Ki-67, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression.
Results: The obtained results from the Morris water maze (MWM) showed that berberine hydrochloride decreases (P<0.01) the distance moved and the time spent to reach the hidden platform in the four-day learning trails phase and significant differences were observed in the distance moved, spent time, and frequency of motion in target quadrant on probe test day between groups. Berberine hydrochloride also reduced the latency of animals entering the dark chamber in the treated group compared to the control group (P<0.05). A significant decrease in activation of caspases-3, higher percentages of Ki-67 expression, and an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression of cells was observed in the addicted group compared to the berberine-treated and control groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Administration of berberine hydrochloride for 3 weeks improves cognitive function in MA addiction and it has potential neuroprotective efficacy.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1758-en.pdf
2022-07-24
443
454
10.32598/bcn.2021.1444.2
Methamphetamine (MA)
Berberine hydrochloride
Cognitive function
Neuroprotective effects
Rat
Leila
Rezaeian
rezaeianl@gmail.com
1
Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Khaksari
khaksari417@gmail.com
2
Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-9003
Raheleh
Rafaiee
rahele_rafaie@yahoo.com
3
Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2796-5868
Hamid
Kalalian Moghaddam
h.kalalian@shmu.ac.ir
4
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8342-919X
OTHERS_CITABLE
Direct and Indirect Measures of Attention Indicating a Bias Toward Cues in Methamphetamine Users
Introduction: This study aims to investigate the attentional bias toward drug-related stimuli along with subjective craving after encountering such stimuli in methamphetamine users. Studies of cue reactivity have confirmed a bias in attention and gaze toward drug-related stimuli for most substances; however, methamphetamine drugs are less studied through a direct measure, such as eye tracking.
Methods: A total of 30 male subjects in the case group (methamphetamine users) and 36 subjects in the control group (no prior drug use) participated in this study. The participant’s eye movement data were collected while they were viewing pairs of drug-related and non-drug images in a dot-probe paradigm. Craving was assessed via a self-report questionnaire on a scale of 0 to 10 before and after the psychophysical task.
Results: The analysis of eye-movement data showed a meaningful gaze bias toward cue images (drug-related) in the case group. Additionally, the gaze duration on cue images was significantly higher in the case group, in contrast to the control group. The same effect was observed in analyzing the dot-probe task; that is, the mean reaction time to a probe that replaced a cue image was significantly lower. The mean of the first-fixation measure in the control group was not significantly higher than chance; however, the percentage of the first-fixation on cue images in the drug users was meaningfully biased. Reported craving was significantly greater after performing the task compared to before.
Conclusion: Our results indicated an attentional bias toward drug-related cues in methamphetamine users as well as subjective craving after encountering such cues.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1365-en.pdf
2022-07-24
455
464
10.32598/bcn.12.6.1589.1
Attentional bias
Methamphetamine
Craving
Substance addiction
Eye movement
Measurements
Seyed Davood
Mirtorabi
dmirtorabi@gmail.com
1
Department of Neurosciences and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sharif
Saleki
sharif.saleki@gmail.com
2
Brain and Behavior Studies Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-5277
Mohammad Sadegh
Rahmanian
rahmanian@gmail.com
3
Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6245-7186
Hadi
Hadizadeh
hadi.sfu@gmail.com
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2018-0523
Reza
Rostami
rezaros@gmail.com
5
Department of Psychology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-108X
Ali
Yoonessi
a_yoonessi@tums.ac.ir
6
Department of Neurosciences and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-4926
OTHERS_CITABLE
Effects of Satureja Bachtiarica Essential Oil in Preventing Seizure in Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Mice
Introduction: Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders characterized by seizures. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Satureja bachtiarica essential oil in preventing epilepsy.
Methods: In this experimental study, 50 mice were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 each. The control group received normal saline plus tween-80 and after 30 min pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Groups 2 and 3 were treated first with S. bachtiarica essential oil at 50 and 100 mg/kg , respectively and then after 30 min received PTZ. Group 4 received diazepam and 30 min later PTZ. Group 5 received flumazenil and 30 min later PTZ. After the last injection of PTZ, the time of seizure onset, seizure severity and score, the completion time of each seizure (attack episode), and mortality rate in different groups were recorded and compared.
Results: The administration of S. bachtiarica essential oil at 50 and 100 mg/kg to PTZ-treated mice caused a significant increase in latency to the first seizure and survival of mice, as well as a significant decrease in the frequency of the head and upper limbs seizure, total body seizures, tonic seizures, and jumping. S. bachtiarica essential oil at 100 mg/kg caused a significant decrease in the head tic frequency. The administration of flumazenil significantly inhibited S. bachtiarica essential oil-induced effects and increased the head and upper limbs seizures, tonic seizures, and jumping.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that S. bachtiarica essential oil could prevent PTZ-induced seizure and these findings authenticate the traditional claims about the use of S. bachtiarica in treating epilepsy.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1399-en.pdf
2022-07-24
465
476
10.32598/bcn.2021.1665.1
Satureja bachtiarica
epilepsy
GABAergic activity
PTZ-kindled
Zahra
Rabiei
zahrarabiei@ymail.com
1
Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0129-3581
Manouchehr
Shirchi
Manouchehr@yahoo.com
2
Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Rafieian-Kopaei
rafeian@yahoo.com
3
Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3190-7863
Samira
Asgharzade
asgharzade1364@yahoo.com
4
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE
Psychometric Evaluation of Self-assessment Persian Version of the Alzheimer Questionnaire (AQ)
Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a primary disorder intensified by aging. Rapid diagnosis of MCI can prevent its progression towards the development of dementia. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric features of the self-assessment Persian version of the Alzheimer questionnaire (AQ) in the elderly to detect MCI.
Methods: First, the AQ was translated into the Persian language; then, its content validity was evaluated by the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) method, and face validity was determined by two checklists for expert panel and the elderly. The convergent validity of the self-assessment AQ with the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was assessed using the Pearson correlation. The test-retest and internal consistency reliability were evaluated using intra-class correlation (ICC) and Kuder-Richardson coefficients, respectively. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off point of self-assessment AQ. Among 148 older people who took part in this study, 93 met our inclusion criteria (aged 60 years old or older, had reading and writing skills, and were able to speak and communicate).
Results: A translated version of the questionnaire was named “M-check.” The developed test showed good content and face validity. Statistically significant correlations were found between M-check and MoCA (r=-0.83, P<0.05). The Kuder–Richardson and ICC coefficients were obtained as 0.84 and 0.92, respectively. Area under the curve presented satisfactory values (Area under curve [AUC]=0.852, sensitivity=0.62, specificity=0.94).
Conclusion: The M-check can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing cognitive state and screening MCI in older adults.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1663-en.pdf
2018-03-15
477
488
10.32598/bcn.2021.2238.1
Aging
Cognitive dysfunction
Self-assessment
Psychometrics
Persian
Mahsa
Roozrokh Arshadi Montazer
mahsaroozrokh@yahoo.com
1
Department of Health Information Health Management, School of Management & Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-4361
Roohollah
Zahediannasab
roohollaz1991@yahoo.com
2
Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition, and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-568X
Mohammad
Nami
torabinami@sums.ac.ir
3
Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition, and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-5340
Mahshid
Tahamtan
mahshidtahamtan@yahoo.com
4
Neuroscience Laboratory (Brain, Cognition, and Behavior), Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6299-6902
Roxana
Sharifian
sharifianr@sums.ac.ir
5
Department of Health Information Health Management, School of Management & Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6593-8302
Mahdi
Nasiri
nasiri_m@sums.ac.ir
6
Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management & Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE
Comparing Autobiographical Brand Images and Neutral Images Regarding False Memory Formation
Introduction: Consumers’ prior experiences form an episodic memory that largely influences their decision-making process. This episodic memory is mainly linked to cognitive and emotional perception and we know that brand image influences our cognitive and emotional perception. Nevertheless, it has not been well described how autobiographical memories of brand images differ from other types of images.
Methods: In this study, we hypothesized that brand pictures have a higher chance to create false memories as compared to neutral ones.
Results: We investigated this hypothesis using the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm with lists of brand pictures from the local market and associated neutral images from the international affective picture system. Thirty graduate students were exposed to image stimuli, followed by a distractor task and a recognition task. After the normality test, reaction times (RT), and false recognition rate of brands and neutral images were statistically compared using a pairwise t-test.
Conclusion: The results showed a significant decrease in reaction time (RT) and an increase in the false recognition rate of brand pictures compared to neutral images. Interestingly, the effect of gender on the creation of false memory by autobiographical brand images was not significant. We hope these findings can pave the way for a better understanding of the false memory mechanism.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1932-en.pdf
2022-07-24
489
500
10.32598/bcn.2021.2275.2
Brand autobiographical memory
False memory
Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm (DRM)
Mohsen
Shabani
mohsen.sh740@yahoo.com
1
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University GC, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8253-5727
Javad
Salehi
javadsalehi@znu.ac.ir
2
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-1114
Reza
Khosrowabadi
3
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University GC, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-9389
OTHERS_CITABLE
Ameliorating Effect of Standardized Extract From Textured Soy Protein (Glycine max L.) on Memory Deficit and Learning Insufficiency in Scopolamine-induced Amnesia
Introduction: Textured soy protein (TSP) and nuts are two processed forms of soybean (Glycine max L.) that are widely consumed for nutritional purposes in Iran. Recently, we have reported the antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of raw soybean (RS) attributed to isoflavones, such as genistein. In this work, we aimed to compare in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of TSP, nuts, and RS to select the most effective one for learning capacity and spatial memory studies.
Methods: Genistein content was determined using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), while diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to study antioxidant evaluation and Ellman’s colorimetric method was used to measure anticholinesterase. TSP extract (TSPE) was administered to male rats (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p] for 7 days) before scopolamine injection (1 mg/kg). Learning capacity and spatial memory were evaluated using passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) methods compared to physostigmine and piracetam.
Results: The greatest antioxidant and anticholinesterase effect was observed for TSPE, which significantly prolonged initially latency in PTA (P<0.05) and improved all indicators in the MWM test at 200 mg/kg.
Conclusion: The memory-improving effect of TSPE may be due to its antioxidant and anticholinesterase effect as well as neuroprotective effects of its isoflavones.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1729-en.pdf
2022-07-24
501
510
10.32598/bcn.2021.2446.1
Alzheimer’s disease
Dementia
Textured soy protein
Morris water maze
Antioxidant
Scopolamine
Ali
Mandegary
Alimandegary@yahoo.com
1
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9349
Fariba
Sharififar
f.sharififar@kmu.ac.ir
2
Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1792-3760
Vahid
Sheibani
vsheibani2@yahoo.com
3
Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-6103
Naghmeh
Nasehi
Naghme.nasehi@gmail.com
4
Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amir
Asadi
Asadi_phyto87@yahoo.com
5
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mansour
Mirtadzadini
mirtdazadini@yahoo.com
6
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
Navid
Hassanabadi
navidandreas@gmail.com
7
School of Veterinary, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Word Pairs Task to Evaluate Declarative Memory
Introduction: According to the declarative/procedural (DP) model, the semantic aspect of language depends on the brain structures responsible for declarative memory. The word pairs task is a common tool to evaluate declarative memory. The current study aimed to design a valid and reliable task to evaluate declarative memory in Persian-speaking children at the learning and retention stages and investigate its relationship with the semantic aspect of language.
Methods: A panel of experts agreed on the content validity of the proposed task. The reliability of the task was determined using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. A total of 31 typically developing children aged 7-9 years participated in this study.
Results: The content validity of all the 42-word pairs was calculated as one. The test-retest reliability showed a correlation coefficient of 0.825 (P<0.001). The task showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.880). The results of correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between declarative memory and semantic aspect. However, the regression analysis showed that the retention stage can explain 24.2% of the variations in the semantic aspect.
Conclusion: It seems that the word pairs task has good validity and reliability to evaluate declarative memory. The task applied to evaluate the semantic aspect can be one of the potential causes of the lack of a relationship between the semantic aspect and declarative memory. The participants’ scores in the retention stage can be predicted concerning their performance at the semantic aspect.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1794-en.pdf
2022-07-24
511
518
10.32598/bcn.2021.2585.1
Declarative memory
Word pairs task
Semantic
Content validity
Maryam
Malekian
m.malekian6789@yahoo.com
1
Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Yalda
Kazemi
y.kazemi@hotmail.com
2
Department of Speech Therapy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-7046
Talieh
Zarifian
t.zarifian@yahoo.com
3
Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6067-829X
OTHERS_CITABLE
Effect of Short-time Exposure of Local Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields on Sleepiness in Male Rats
Introduction: Lack of high-quality sleep causes severe side effects like anxiety and changes in plasma concentration of oxalate. The current study investigated the impact of local extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on inducing sleep (sleepiness) and anxiety in male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were divided into four groups (n=10 for each group). The ELF-MF exposure (0, 10, and 18 Hz) was applied with an intensity of 200µT for three days (10 min/d). The sham-treated animal did not receive ELF-MF. Serum levels of oxalic acid (OA) and sleepiness were measured before and after the last exposure to ELF-MF or sham. Anxiety, sleepiness, and OA were measured using the elevated plus maze, open-field test (OFT), and ELISA test.
Results: A comparison of oxalate levels before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed that ELF-MF (10 Hz) decreased the serum level of oxalate (P<0.05). Comparing open/closed arm entry (in an elevated plus maze) between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed significant differences. Also, frequency, velocity, and distance moved were decreased in the open-field test.
Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that ELF-MF with short-time exposure may modulate the metabolism of OA and may modulate anxiety-like behavior or kind of induction of sleepiness in male rats.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1805-en.pdf
2022-07-24
519
530
10.32598/bcn.2022.2610.1
Magnetic field
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs)
Oxalic acid
Anxiety
Sleepiness
Elnaz
Azizi
1
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1155-8232
Fatemeh
Ayoobi
2
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Shamsizadeh
3
Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8329-9156
Amir
Moghadam-Ahmadi
4
Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-1265
Seyed Ali
Shafiei
sashafiei@muq.ac.ir
5
Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-0002
Alireza
Khoshdel
6
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-4951
Mohammad Reza
Mirzaei
7
Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-7377
OTHERS_CITABLE
Brain Functional Connectivity Changes During Learning of Time Discrimination
Introduction: The human brain is a complex system consisting of connected nerve cells that adapt to and learn from the environment by changing its regional activities. The synchrony between these regional activities is called functional network changes during life and results in the learning of new skills. Time perception and interval discrimination are among the most necessary skills for the human being to perceive motions, coordinate motor functions, speak, and perform many cognitive functions. Despite its importance, the underlying mechanism of changes in brain functional connectivity patterns during learning time intervals still need to be well understood.
Methods: This study aimed to show how electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity changes are associated with learning temporal intervals. In this regard, 12 healthy volunteers were trained with an auditory time-interval discrimination task over six days while their brain activities were recorded via EEG signals during the first and the last sessions. Then, changes in regional phase synchronization were calculated using the weighted/phase lag index (WPLI) approach, the most effective EEG functional connections at the temporal and prefrontal regions, and in the theta and beta bands frequency. In addition, the WPLI reported more accurate values.
Results: The results showed that learning interval discrimination significantly changed functional connectivity in the prefrontal and temporal regions.
Conclusion: These findings could shed light on a better understanding of the brain mechanism involved in time perception.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2403-en.pdf
2022-07-24
531
550
10.32598/bcn.2022.3963.1
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Functional connectivity
Time perception
Interval discrimination
Phase lag index
Mahdi
Hoodgar
mehdi.hoodgar@srbiu.ac.ir
1
Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-7097
Reza
Khosrowabadi
r_khosroabadi@sbu.ac.ir
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-9389
Keivan
Navi
navi@sbu.ac.ir
3
Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-7766
Ebrahim
Mahdipour
mehdipour_msc@yahoo.com
4
Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-7678
OTHERS_CITABLE
Brain Structural Correlates of Intelligence in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Individuals
Introduction: Neuroimaging evidence has shown the relationship of intelligence with several structural brain properties in normal individuals. However, this relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) needs to be investigated.
Methods: We estimated grey matter (GM) density of the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan on 56 ADHD individuals, including 30 combined individuals (Mean±SD age: 10.44±2.41, intelligence quotient: [IQ]=112.13±13.15, male, 24 right hands) and 26 inattentive individuals (mean age =11.39±2.1, IQ=107.44±13.98, male, 28 right hands) as well as 30 IQ matched healthy control group (mean age=11.08±2.15, IQ=115±13.56, male, 23 right hands).
Results: In this study, two statistical approaches were used. In the first approach, region-based as well as the whole association patterns between full-scale IQ and GM were computed and compared between groups. The second approach was to examine the differential pattern of GM density without considering IQ in three groups.
Conclusion: Results showed significant differences between the ADHD group and the control. This finding could indicate that intelligence is not purely based on the density of GM in certain brain regions; it is a dynamic phenomenon and drastically changes neurodevelopmental disorders.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1560-en.pdf
2022-07-24
551
572
10.32598/bcn.2021.2244.1
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Intelligence
Grey matter density
Farnaz
Faridi
farnaz1358@gmail.com
1
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-2716
Ashkan
Alvand
2
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-0613
Reza
Khosrowabadi
r_khosroabadi@sbu.ac.ir
3
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-9389
OTHERS_CITABLE
Resting-State Electroencephalogram (EEG) Coherence Over Frontal Regions in Paranormal Beliefs
Introduction: Paranormal beliefs are defined as the belief in extrasensory perception, precognition, witchcraft, and telekinesis, magical thinking, psychokinesis, superstitions. Previous studies corroborate that executive brain functions underpin paranormal beliefs. To test this hypotheses, neurophysiological studies of brain activity are required.
Methods: A sample of 20 students (10 girls, Mean±SD age: 22.50±4.07 years) were included in the current study. The absolute power of resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) was analyzed in intra-hemispheric and inter-hemispheric coherence with eyes open. The paranormal beliefs were determined based on the total score of the revised paranormal belief scale (RPBS).
Results: The results of this study demonstrated a significant negative relationship between paranormal beliefs and resting-state EEG in alpha band activity in the frontal lobe (left hemisphere), EEG coherence of alpha and β1, β2, and gamma band activities in the frontal lobe (right hemisphere) and coherence of alpha and β1, β2 and gamma band activities between frontal regions (two hemispheres). In addition, the results showed that coherence of α, α1, β, and β2 band activities between the frontal lobe (right hemispheres) and the EEG coherence of Δ, α1, and beta band activities in the frontal lobe (two hemispheres) predict paranormal beliefs.
Conclusion: This study confirms the connection of executive brain functions to paranormal beliefs and determines that frontal brain function may contribute to paranormal beliefs.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2051-en.pdf
2022-07-24
573
584
10.32598/bcn.2021.923.2
Paranormal beliefs
Resting-state
Frontal regions
Coherence
Executive brain functions
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Abdolvahed
Narmashiri
v.narmashiri@gmail.com
1
Institute of Cognitive Sciences Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4065-7926
Javad
Hatami
hatamijm@gmail.com
2
Institute of Cognitive Sciences Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8004-6636
Reza
Khosrowabadi
r.khosrowabadi@gmail.com
3
Institute of Cognitive Sciences Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-9389
Ahmad
Sohrabi
sohrabya@gmail.com
4
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Education, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-4521
OTHERS_CITABLE
Risk-taking Behavior Under the Effect of Emotional Stimuli Among Children and Adults
Introduction: Risk-taking has an important role in human life, either positive or negative. Finding a method to control or drive this in a particular way can affect the health of individuals and communities by discouraging negative risks, such as reckless driving, or encouraging positive risks. It has been shown that emotion induction can enhance risk-taking behavior. Nonetheless, studies are mainly conducted on adults and a gap to focus on adolescents group as the peak age of risk-taking is required. Therefore, a new risk-taking task is introduced and development of risk-taking behavior in children is compared with a group male adults. In addition, influence of positive and negative emotional images on the risk-taking behavior is also evaluated.
Methods: A total of 21 children and 20 adults participated in this experiment. Their risk taking behavior is obtained using a new version of the dice game task with emotional stimuli. Subsequently, performances of two groups before and after emotional priming are statistically compared.
Results: The results showed that children have a higher tendency to choose riskier options when they are affected by positive emotion, while adults are more risk-averse after being primed by negative emotion.
Conclusion: These findings can be helpful for policymakers and tutoring planners to control risk-taking behavior at different ages using the priming effect of positive and negative emotions.
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1755-en.pdf
2022-07-24
585
594
10.32598/bcn.2021.2508.1
Risk-taking behavior
Emotional priming
Dual system theory
Development
Fatemeh
Shahrabi Farahani
arezo.shahrabi@yahoo.com
1
Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Reza
Khosrowabadi
r_khosroabadi@sbu.ac.ir
2
Institute for Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-9389
Gholamreza
Jaafari
gjafari@gmail.com
3
Center for Complex Networks & Social Data Science, Faculty of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR