@article{ author = {Ekhtiari, Hame}, title = {National Collaborative Network on Applied Clinical Neuroscience in Iran Justifications, Limitation, Possible Architectures, Priorities, and Strategic Plans}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {3-4}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-60-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hossein-Zadeh, G. Ali and Soltanian-Zadeh, Hami}, title = {Neuroimaging in Iran: A Review}, abstract ={ABSTRACTNeuroimaging allows noninvasive evaluation of the anatomy, physiology, and function of the brain. It is widely used for diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment evaluation of neurological disorders as well as understanding functions of the brain in health and disease. Neuroimaging modalities include X-ray computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). This paper presents an overview of the neuroimaging research in Iran in recent years, partitioned into three categories: anatomical imaging anatomical image analysis and functional imaging and analysis. Published papers reflect considerable progress in development of neuroimaging infrastructure, hardware installation and software development. However, group work and research collaborations among engineers, scientists, and clinicians need significant enhancement to optimize utility of the resources and maximize productivity. This is a challenge that cannot be solved without specific plans, policies, and funding.}, Keywords = {Neuroimaging , Noninvasive Evaluation , Iran}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {5-12}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Haghparast, Abbas and Ahmad-Molaei, Leila and Alizadeh, Amir-Mohammad and Azizi, Pegah}, title = {Blockade of Opioid Receptors Located in the Rat Nucleus Cuneiformis Reduced the Antinociceptive Responses of Local But not Systemic Administration of Morphine in Formalin Test}, abstract ={ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown the role of opioid receptors located in the nucleus cuneiformis (CnF) in acute pain, but not in chronic pain models. In the present study, we have determined that possible effects of these receptors at the CnF on both early and late phases of formalin test following local and systemic morphine administration. Each rat was given a subcutaneous 50-μl injection of 2.5% formalin into plantar surface of hind paw. Ninety five Wistar rats bilaterally received morphine (1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/0.3 μl saline per side) into the CnF, just before the formalin test. Naloxone (1 μg/0.3 μl saline per side) was also microinjected 2 minutes before local or 28 minutes after intraperitoneal administration of morphine. The results showed that bilateral intra-CnF administration of morphine dose-dependently produced analgesia in formalin test. Naloxone administration into the CnF antagonized the analgesic response induced by morphine (4 μg/0.3 μl saline) microinjection. The results also showed that analgesic effect of systemic morphine was not significantly decreased by naloxone microinjection. We suggest that the opioid receptors located in the CnF, in part, indirectly affect the morphine-induced descending pain modulatory circuit.}, Keywords = {Nucleus Cuneiformis, Opioid Receptor, Morphine,Naloxone,Formalin Test,Pain}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {13-19}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Baluchnejadmojarad, Tourandokht and Roghani, Mehr}, title = {The Flavonoid Hesperetin Alleviates Behavioral Abnormality in 6-Hydroxydopamine Rat Model of Hemi-Parkinsonism}, abstract ={ABSTRACTParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neuropathological and debilitating disorder involving the degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Neuroprotective effect of hesperetin has already been reported, therefore, this study examined whether the administration of this flavonoid would attenuate behavioral abnormalities in an experimental model of PD in rat. For this purpose, unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 12.5 μg/5μl of saline-ascorbate)-lesioned rats were pretreated i.p. with hesperetin (10 mg/kg). It was found out that hesperetin administration attenuates the rotational behavior in lesioned rats. In summary, hesperetin administration attenuates behavioral abnormality in hemiparkinsonian rats and this may be of benefit, along with other therapies, in neurodegenerative disorders including PD.}, Keywords = {Hesperetin, Parkinson’s Disease,6-hydroxydopamine, Rotational Behavior.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {20-23}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Nazari, Mohammad Ali and Wallois, Fabrice and Aarabi, Ardalan and Nosratabadi, Masoud and Berquin, Patrick}, title = {P300 Component Modulation During a Go/Nogo Task in Healthy Children}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Introduction: Several differences in the P300 component are observed when responses must be executed or inhibited in the Go/Nogo task. However, few studies were established by using well-controlled task with respect to the preparatory processing and stimulus probability. In the present study, we examined the peak amplitude and latency of Go-P300 (P300 evoked by visual Go stimuli) and Nogo-P300 (P300 evoked by visual Nogo stimuli) component in healthy children. Methods: High resolution EEG data were recorded from 13 children (7-11 years old) during a cued equiprobable Go/Nogo task. The P300 component was measured at frontal (F3, Fz, F4) and parietal (P3, Pz, P4) regions in response to both Go and Nogo stimuli. Data were analyzes using a three-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results: These children displayed higher P300 amplitude in the Go relative to Nogo condition at parietal region. In addition, decrease in P300 latency was observed at the frontal in comparison to parietal region.Discussion: The results might suggest that the P300 is related to different processes or arise from different generators in execution and inhibition conditions.}, Keywords = {ERP,P300,Go/Nogo Task,Healthy Children.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-36}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza and Barzroodipour, Mitra and Bayat, Mohammad and Javadi, Miriam}, title = {Effect of Protein Malnutrition on Efferent Projections of Amygdala to the Hippocampus}, abstract ={ABSTRACTIntroduction: Previous investigations have shown that protein malnutrition can alters the structure and function of some areas of hippocampal formation. We investigated the effect of protein malnutrition on amygdaloid projections to the CA1 hippocampal area. In this study we investigated level and pattern of distribution of efferent projections from amygdala to hippocampus in the rat by Horseradish Peroxidas (HRP) neural tract tracing in 2 groups Control group fed with regular diet (% 18 proteins)and case group fed with low protein diet (%8). We used SPSS 11.0 (T test & mann-withney) Software for data analysis.Methods: Following injection of HRP to CA1 region of hippocampus in the control group Rats, Labelled neurons showed more density in the Basolateral, Cortical and Medial nuclear Groups. Having done the analysis and examining the relations between the case data and those of the control groups, we found that number of labelled neurons in the Basolateral, Cortical & medial nuclei were decreased in the case group(p<0.05). Our findings showed that different nuclei of amygdala (Basolateral, Cortical and Medial) send projections to CA1 region of hippocampus Among, them basolateral nuclei group send the most projections . Discussion: This results may be caused by decrease of activity of neural cells after protein malnutrition, that can results in impairment in growth and development of nervous system. Also it is possible that axoplasmic transfer rate maybe decreased in this condition.}, Keywords = {Hippocampus, Amygdala,Protein Malnutrition.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {37-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mirzarezaee, Mitra and N.Araabi, Babak and Sadeghi, Mehdi}, title = {Comparison of Hubs in Effective Normal and Tumor Protein Interaction Networks}, abstract ={ABSTRACTIntroduction: Cancer is caused by genetic abnormalities, such as mutation of ontogenesis or tumor suppressor genes which alter downstream signaling pathways and protein-protein interactions. Comparison of protein interactions in cancerous and normal cells can be of help in mechanisms of disease diagnoses and treatments. Methods: We constructed protein interaction networks of cancerous and normal cells. These protein interaction networks are constructed using gene-expression profiles measured from different samples of cancerous and normal tissues from four different parts of the body including colon, prostate, lung, and central nervous system. We used pattern recognition techniques to construct these networks. We calculated ten graph related parameters including closeness centrality, graph diameter, index of aggregation, entropy of edge distribution, connectivity, number of edges divided by the number of vertices, entropy, graph centrality, sum of the wiener number, and modified vertex distance numbers for each of the cancerous and normal protein interaction networks. We have also compared number of edges and hubs of the both cancerous and normal resultant protein interaction networks. Results and Discussion: Our results show that in the studied tissue samples, effective normal protein interaction networks are denser in number of edges and hubs compared with their corresponding effective cancerous protein interaction networks. Number of hubs in effective cancerous protein interaction networks decreases dramatically in comparison with normal tissues. This can be used as a symptom for identification of cancerous tissues.}, Keywords = {Cancer,Protein Interaction,Network.}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-50}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mehrpour, Masoud and Zamani, Babak and RBaradaran, Hamid and RMotamed, Moham}, title = {The Frequency of Cerebral Microembolism in Acute Myocardial Infarction}, abstract ={ABSTRACT Introduction: Stroke is more common in patients with cerebral microembolisms. Frequency of cerebral microembolisms (high intensity transient signals, HITS) in acute myocardial infarction has been reported about 17%. The factors that influence on microembolism after myocardial infarction (MI) are not definitive. Type of MI, Ejection fraction, Hx of Streptokinase is the factors that were studied. Methods: During three years we studied the frequency of cerebral microembolisms in AMI patients, we studied forty patients with microembolism as a case group and ninety patients without microembolism as a control group. We detected microembolism in patients by transcranial doppler study within 72 houre after myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiogram was performed for all patients during hospitalization. Excluding criteria were prosthetic heart valves, carotid stenosis >50% and poor window for TCD monitoring. Results: number of patients who had history of receiving SK were significantly more common in case group in comparison to control group. OR 2.4 CI(1.1-5.2) The frequency was more prevalent in anterolateral MI in comparison to inferior MI.OR=3.3 CI(1.4-7.4). Ejection fraction has no significant effect on frequency of microembolism. OR 0.5 CI(0.2-1.3).Hypokinesia is also a risk factor for increasing risk of microembolism. OR 4.5 CI(1.4.13.8) Discussion: frequency of microembolism has been increased in patients with history of streptokinase or in the type of Anterolateral MI or wall motion abnormality, so we should be careful for risk of microembolism in this groups.}, Keywords = {Microembilism,Stroke,Streptokinase}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-54}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-68-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {N.Araabi, Babak}, title = {In Memory of Professor Caro Lucas (1949-2010)}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-57}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-69-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Publication of Iranian Textbook for Psychiatry}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {1}, pages = {58-59}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MostafaviAbdolmaleky, Hami}, title = {The Prospects of Epigenetics in Neuroscience}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {3-5}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {TorabiNami, Mohammad and Ashayeri, Has}, title = {Where Neuroscience and Art Embrace The Neuroaesthetics}, abstract ={Neuroscience has recently contributed a lot to the understanding of aesthetic experience features. Science, art and creativity are not really distinctively different entities. The parallelism seen between the properties of art and organizational principals of the brain has been highlighted through neuroaesthetic studies. Aesthetic as a subjective experience has comprehensively been studies through neuro-scientific, psychological, sociologic and cultural standpoints. This is a controversial topic in cognitive neuroscience, meanwhile seemingly varied results of the conducted researches in this field may be conceptualized in a framework linking aesthetics to neuroscience of affective visual processing, reward circuitries and the nature of decision making. Approaching the question of art-brain parallelism, is along side with elucidating the relation between perception and aesthetic experience,and the features of aesthetic judgment and reward. Moreover, other factors such as cultural underpinnings undoubtedly come into play. In this review we used expert opinions and literary notions to present a report on how neuroscience has so far elaborated on different features of the aesthetic phenomenon hoping to probe areas of neuroaeshetic research which can potentially assess our cultural interface with the aesthetics and cognitive neuroscience.}, Keywords = {Neuroaesthetics,Visual Art,Synaesthesia,Neural Circuitry,Perception}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {6-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Hekmat, Suzan and AlamMehrjerdi, Zahra and Moradi, Afsane and Ekhtiari, Hamed and Bakhshi, Sar}, title = {Cognitive Flexibility, Attention and Speed of Mental Processing in Opioid and Methamphetamine Addicts in Comparison with Non-Addicts}, abstract ={ Introduction: Many studies have revealed that drug addicted individuals exhibit impaired performance on executive function tests but a few studies have been conducted on executive functions of drug addicts in Iran. To contribute to this understanding, the present study was designed to assess some domains related to executive functions including cognitive flexibility, attention and speed of mental processing in a sample of drug addicts in comparison with a sample of non-drug addicts. Methods: 155 male addicts between 25 to 35 years of age were selected from outpatient addiction clinics in Karaj, Iran. This group consisted of 3 subgroups of opium (n=40), hydrochloride heroin (n=63), and methamphetamine (n=52) addicts. A control group was selected matching the drug addicts in gender, age, education and scio-economic status and included 130 healthy non-drug taking males. A battery of standardized executive function tests including the Color trail making test, Stroop color word test, and Symbol digit modalities test were administered. Data analysis was conducted by performing Co-variance (MANCOVA) in SPSS.v.16.0. Results: The study findings indicated that the group of drug addicted subjects performed significantly worse compared with the controls on all executive measures. There were also significant differences among the 3 subgroups. The hydrochloride group had the worst performance compared the methamphetamine and opium groups respectively. Drug addicted subjects with longer duration of drug addiction were much worse on all measures in comparison with drug addicted subjects with shorter duration of drug addiction. Discussion: The study results confirmed that the functions of specific brain regions underlying cognitive flexibility, attention and speed of mental processing were significantly impaired in the group of drug addicted subjects. These impairments were also significantly related to type of drug used and duration of drug addiction that may contribute to most of behavioral disturbances found in drug addicts and need specific attention for intervention and treatment programs.}, Keywords = {Executive Functions,Opium,Hydrochloride Heroin,Methamphetamine,Addiction}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {12-19}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shahrakai, Mohammad R. and Mirshekari, Hamide and Ghanbari, Ali Tajik and Shahraki, Ahmad R. and Shahraki, Elham}, title = {Prevalence of Migraine Among Medical Students in Zahedan Faculty of Medicine (Southeast of Iran)}, abstract ={ Introduction: Migraine is a refer pain which is common in adults and children. Migraine and its frequently limits the daily life activities. Since medical students are subjected to stresses regarding lots of tests and the implicit responsibility to the courses, the purpose of the present study carried out to evaluate the prevalence of migraine among medical students in Zahedan University. Methods: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was performed on 210 (male 94 and female 116) medical students in Zahedan faculty of Medicine during an academic year (2005 to 2006). The questionnaire was specified on demographic data and headache questions based on International Headache Society (IHS). Students’ Migraine was confirmed by clinical interviews, general physical and neurological examinations then the data obtained were analyzed using v 11 of SPSS, Chi square. Afterward the percentage and the mean (±SD) along with the statistical difference (P<0.05) of the T-tests were calculated. Results and Discussion: The present study showed that the rate of headache during recent academic years was 90.5% in males and 88.8 % in females. The prevalence of migraine was 7.14 % in both sex (migraine without aura 4.29% and migraine with aura 2.86%). The most common of migraine triggers was stress, (73%) sleeplessness (52.5%), too much reading (39.25%) and fasting (39.55%). In this sense the moderate light and severe incidence were 52.27%, 38.18% and 9.09%. The prevalence of migraine did not have any relations with gender but there was a relation between having migraine and number of studying years.}, Keywords = {Migraine,Medical students,Headache,Prevalence,Stress}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {20-25}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-86-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rastegar, Tayebeh and Parivar, Kazem and Nobakht, Maliheh and Shahbazi, Ali and AlizadehZendehrood, Siamak and Mehdizadeh, Mehdi}, title = {Prenatal Mercuric Chloride Exposure Causes Developmental Deficits in Rat Cortex}, abstract ={Introduction: Environmental pollution with heavy metals such as mercury is a major health problem. Growing studies on the field have shown the deleterious effects of mercury on human and nonhuman nervous system, especially in infants, however the effects of prenatal exposure to mercuricchloride on cortical development are not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure to mercuric chloride on morphological characteristics of brain cortex. Methods: Mercuric chloride (2 mg/kg) or normal saline were injected (I.P.) to 36 Sprague – dawley rats in the 8th, 9th or 10th day of gestation. The embryos were surgically removed in the 15th day of gestation, and brain cortices were studied by histological techniques. Results: Histological studies showed that embryos of mercuric chloride treated rats hadcortical neuronal disarrangement withdifferent orientations of nuclei, increased diameter of cortex, increased mitosis of cells, increased cell death, decreased cellular density and increased intracellular space. Conclusion: These findings suggest some micro structural abnormalities in cortical regions after prenatal exposure to mercuric chloride. These structural abnormalities may underliesome neurologic disturbances following mercury intoxication.}, Keywords = {Mercuric Chloride,Prenatal Period,Brain Cortex}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {26-30}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-87-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Farahbakhsh, Shahedeh and Arbabian, Sedigheh and Emami, Fatemeh and RastegarMoghadam, Banafsheh and Ghoshooni, Hassan and Noroozzadeh, Ali and Sahraei, Hedayat and Golmanesh, Leila and Jalili, Cyrus and Zrdooz, Homeir}, title = {Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase Type 1 and 2 Enzyme by Aqueous Extract of Elaeagnus Angustifolia in Mice}, abstract ={ Introduction: It has been shown that the extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia can inhibit inflammation and pain induced by formalin in mice and rats. The aim of the present study is to reach evaluations of possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of Elaeagnus angustifolia extract in reducing pain and inflammation through examining the extract ability for inhibition of cyclooxygenase (Cox) type 1 and 2 enzymes and corticosterone release from adrenal glands in mice. Methods: Male Swiss Webster mice were evaluated through the injection of 2 μliters to the plantar part of right foot. Elaeagnus angustifolia extract was injected to the animals 30 minutes before formalin. In order to evaluate the mechanism of extract, naloxone and memantine were administered intrapretonealy 30 minutes before the extract administration. In separate groups, after injection of extract, blood samples were taken from animals and corticosterone concentrations were measured. In an in vitro study the effect of extract on the activity of cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 was assessed. Results: the research data showed the ineffectiveness of the extract on acute phase of pain induced by formalin but it completely inhibits the chronic phase. Naloxone and Memantine administration had no effect on the efficacy of extract in the chronic phase. Also the extract administration did not increase the plasma concentration of corticosterone in mice, but in vitro inhibited Cox1 and Cox 2 enzymes. Discussion: These results indicate that Elaeagnus angustifolia extract probably reducesww pain and inflammation caused by formalin in mice by inhibiting cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 enzymes.}, Keywords = {Elaeagnus Angustifolia;Formalin Test;Corticosterone;Cyclooxygenase;Pain;Inflammation}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {31-37}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-88-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AlamMehrjerdi, Zahra and Tasnim, Farbod and Farahani, Li}, title = {Emotion-Cognition Interactions A Study on Coping Responses of Methamphetamine Dependent Women}, abstract ={Introduction: Coping responses are complex dynamic behavioral reactions that involve reciprocal influences between emotion and cognition but cognitive studies in Iran have less emphasized coping responses of methamphetamine dependent individuals to distressing situations. To address this aim, the current study was designed to investigate the coping responses of a group of methamphetamine dependent women in comparison with a group of healthy women. Methods: 80 women with mean age 24(SD=6.8) years who met DSM.IV-TR criteria for methamphetamine dependence were recruited from the department of psychostimulant use treatment program of Rojan psychiatric center and 4 other local clinics in Tehran, Iran and were matched with a sample of 80 non-drug taking women. First, demographics and details of substance use were completed based on items elicited from Addiction Severity Index (ASI), then the Persian version of Billings and Moos Coping Checklist was completed by participants in each group. Data was further analyzed by performing independent sample t-test and logistic regression model in SPSS.v.16.0. Results: The study findings indicated that the methamphetamine dependent group applied less problem-solving response and had lower reliance on seeking social support and cognitive evaluation compared with the controls. In addition, the methamphetamine dependent group applied significantly more emotional and physical control oriented responses compared with the controls. Discussion: The study results yielded that coping responses of the methamphetamine dependent group were less problem-focused strategies which show an impaired aspect of cognitive functioning which is subject to clinical and treatment implications. Study in the context of identifying aspects that are fundamental to understanding the neural mechanisms underlying emotion-cognition interactions in the paradigm of coping responses is discussed.}, Keywords = {Methamphetamine,Emotion,Coping Responses,Cognition}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {38-43}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Yeganeh, Fahimeh and Nikbakht, Farnaz and Rasouli, Hom}, title = {The Effect of Acute Ethanol and Gabapentin Administration on Spatial Learning and Memory}, abstract ={ Introduction: Patients with epilepsy can have impaired cognitive abilities. Many factors contribute to this impairment, including the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs like Gabapentin (GBP). Apart from anti-epilectic action, Gabapentin is used to relieve ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Because both GBP and ethanol act on GABA ergic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their effect and interaction on spatial learning and memory. Material and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in the Morris water maze for 5 consecutive days. On the sixth day, a probe test was performed to assess the retention phase or spatial rats’ memory ability. Ethanol (1.5 g/kg i.p.) and GBP (30 mg/kg i.p.) was administered each day 30 and 40 minutes before testing respectively. Results: Acute ethanol administration selectively impaired spatial memory (p<0.05), yet it failed to impair the acquisition phase (learning). Contradictorily GBP selectively impaired learning on second and forth days. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GBP and acute ethanol impair different phases of learning probably by modifying different neuronal pathways in cognitive areas of the brain.}, Keywords = {Spatial Memory,Leraning,Acute Ethanol,Gabapentin}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {44-47}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AlamMehrjerdi, Zahra and Tasnim, Sara and Ekhtiari, Hame}, title = {Measurement of Cue-Induced Craving in Human Methamphetamine- Dependent Subjects New Methodological Hopes for Reliable Assessment of Treatment Efficacy}, abstract ={Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug with crucial impacts on individuals on various levels. Exposure to methamphetamine-associated cues in laboratory can elicit measureable craving and autonomic reactivity in most individuals with methamphetamine dependence and the cue reactivity can model how craving would result in continued drug seeking behaviors and relapse in real environments but study on this notion is still limited. In this brief article, the authors review studies on cue-induced craving in human methamphetamine- dependent subjects in a laboratory-based approach. Craving for methamphetamine is elicited by a variety of methods in laboratory such as paraphernalia, verbal and visual cues and imaginary scripts. In this article, we review the studies applying different cues as main methods of craving incubation in laboratory settings. The brief reviewed literature provides strong evidence that craving for methamphetamine in laboratory conditions is significantly evoked by different cues. Cue-induced craving has important treatment and clinical implications for psychotherapists and clinicians when we consider the role of induced craving in evoking intense desire or urge to use methamphetamine after or during a period of successful craving prevention program. Elicited craving for methamphetamine in laboratory conditions is significantly influenced by methamphetamine-associated cues and results in rapid craving response toward methamphetamine use. This notion can be used as a main core for laboratory-based assessment of treatment efficacy for methamphetamine-dependent patients. In addition, the laboratory settings for studying craving can bridge the gap between somehow-non-reliable preclinical animal model studies and budget demanding randomized clinical trials.}, Keywords = {Methamphetamine,Cue-Induced Craving,Craving,Relapse,Human Laboratory Setting}, volume = {2}, Number = {2}, pages = {48-53}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ekhtiari, Hamed and Joghataei, Mohammad-Taghi and Zarrindast, Mohammad-Rez}, title = {Editorial: New Iranian Strategic Plan on Addiction Biology Studies Has a Clear Message for Neuroscientists “Your Help is Seriously Needed”}, abstract ={The fifth Iranian national congress on the biology of addiction was held in 22-24 June 2011 in Tehran University of Medical Sciences with over 100 valuable oral and poster presentations and over 300 participants. One of the main sessions of the congress was devoted to a national strategic planning and Iranian Drug Control Head Quarter (DCHQ) introducing the first national executive road map on research into the biology of addiction. The road map will serve as a part of national strategic plan on addiction studies in Iran. As the main contributors in the preparation of the map, we think neuroscientists have to play a unique role in implementation of this map. We believe that the studies into the biology of addiction can act as a pivotal turning point to promote neuroscience in Iran regarding the governmental focus and public demand on addiction prevention and treatment. In this editorial, we will elucidate a general schema of the map, focusing more on potential opportunities for neuroscientists, and discuss new hopes, needs and challenges that we would be facing in the future to take advantage of addiction related opportunities to study neuroscience in both national and international levels.}, Keywords = {Strategic Planning, Addiction Biology Studies, Neuroscience,}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {3-4}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-139-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-139-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AlamMehrjerdi, Zahra and Mokri, Azarakhsh and Ekhtiari, Hame}, title = {Human Laboratory Settings for Assessing Drug Craving Implications for the Evaluation of Treatment Efficacy}, abstract ={Research on assessing craving in laboratory settings often involves inducing and then measuring craving in subjects. Cue-induced craving is studied in laboratory settings using the cue reactivity paradigm, in which drug-related photos, videos, evocative scripts, olfactory cues, and paraphernalia may induce craving. Cue-induced craving evoked by drug-related stimuli could be associated with relapse and recurrence of drug addiction. In this article, the authors review different methods of assessing craving in laboratory settings and explain how human laboratory settings can bridge the gap between randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and animal models on pharmacological treatments for drug dependence. The brief reviewed literature provides strong evidence that laboratory-based studies of craving may improve our understanding of how subjective reports of drug craving are related to objective measures of drug abuse and laboratory settings provide an opportunity to measure the degree to which they co-vary during pharmacological interventions. This issue has important implications inclinical studies.}, Keywords = {Addiction,Assessment,Cue-Induced Craving,Drug, Laboratory Settingsits}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {5-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {KarimiRouzbahani, Hamid and Daliri, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease in Human Using Voice Signals}, abstract ={A full investigation into the features extracted from voice signals of people with and without Parkinson’s disease was performed. A total of 31 people with and without the disease participated in the data collection phase. Their voice signals were recorded and processed. The relevant features were then extracted. A variety of feature selection methods have been utilized resulting in a good performance for the diagnosis of Parkinson. These features were fed to different classifiers so as to be let them decide whether the subjects have the disease or not. Three different classifiers were used in order to bring about a valid classification performance on the given data. The classification performances were compared with one another and showed that the best performance obtained using the KNN classifier with a correct rate of 0.9382. This result reveals that the use of proposed feature selection method results in a desirable precision for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The performances were assessed from different points of view, providing different aspects of the diagnosis, from which the physicians are able to choose one with higher accuracy in the diagnosis.   }, Keywords = {Classification,Dysarthria,Feature selection,Evaluation,Parkinson’s disease (PD).}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {12-20}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Marzban, Mohsen and Shahbazi, Ali and Tondar, Mahdi and Soleimani, Mansooreh and Bakhshayesh, Masoomeh and Moshkforoush, Arash and Sadati, Mehdi and AlizadehZendehrood, Siamak and Joghataei, Mohammad Taghi}, title = {Effect of Mozart Music on Hippocampal Content of BDNF in Postnatal Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: It has shown that listening to Mozart music can potentiate spatial tasks in human and reduce seizure attacks in epileptic patients. A few studies have reported the effects of prenatal plus postpartum exposure of mice to the Mozart music on brain-drived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Here we investigated the effect of postpartum exposure to The Mozart music on BDNF concentration in the hippocampus of rat.Methods: Thirty male one day old newborn Wistar rats divided randomly in two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group exposed to slow rhythm Mozart music (Mozart Sonata for two pianos KV 448, 6 hour per day sound pressure levels, between 80 and 100 dB) for 60 successive days. The control group was kept in separate room with housing conditions like experimental group except music exposure. After 60 days the rats were euthanized and hippocampuses extracted then the content of BDNF protein was measured using ELISA sandwich method. Results: Data analysis revealed that rats exposed to Mozart Sonata music had significantly increased BDNF content in the hippocampus as compared to control rats (P±0.01). The concentrations of BDNF were 86.30±2.26 and 94.60 ±6.22 ng/g wet weight in control and music exposure groups respectively.Discussion: Exposure to the Mozart music early in life can increase the BDNF concentration in the hippocampus in rats.}, Keywords = {Mozart Music,BDNF,Hippocampus,Rat}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {21-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AlamMehrjerdi, Zahra and Bakhshi, Sara and Jafari, Siavash and Moradi, Afsaneh and Ekhtiari, Hame}, title = {The Impact of Hydrochloride Heroin on Mental Flexibility, Abstract Reasoning, Impulsivity, and Attention}, abstract ={Introduction: Drug addiction could lead to severe impairments in executive and neurocognitive functions but study on the impact of hydrochloride heroin on executive functions has remained in infancy in Iran. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between addiction to hydrochloride heroin and executive functioning in several cognitive domains including mental flexibility, abstract reasoning, impulsivity, and attention. Methods: A total of 60 cases of young male addicts aged 18 to 21 were recruited from outpatient addiction clinics in Karaj city and were matched with 60 non-drug using controls. A test battery including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Porteus Maze Test (PMQS), Serial Seven Subtraction Test (SSST), and Color Trails Test (CTT) were administered respectively. Results: The patient group showed more problems in impulse control compared with the control group, while mental flexibility, abstract reasoning and attention were not affected. Discussion: The findings indicated that addiction to hydrochloride heroin had a negative effect on impulse control. This issue could reflect the role of impaired inhibitory control on drug-seeking behaviors and relapse. Special treatment programs must be tailored to control impulsivity among addicts to hydrochloride heroin during treatment.}, Keywords = {Addiction,AttentionExecutive Functions,Hydrochloride Heroin,Impulsivity.}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {27-32}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sarbaz, Yashar and Gharibzadeh, Shahriar and Towhidkhah, Farzad and Banaie, Masood and Jafari, Ayyoob}, title = {A Gray-Box Neural Network Model of Parkinson’s Disease Using Gait Signal}, abstract ={In this study, we focused on the gait of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and presented a gray box model for it. We tried to present a model for basal ganglia structure in order to generate stride time interval signal in model output for healthy and PD states. Because of feedback role of dopamine neurotransmitter in basal ganglia, this part is modelled by “Elman Network”, which is a neural network structure based on a feedback relation between each layer. Remaining parts of the basal ganglia are modelled with feed-forward neural networks. We first trained the model with a healthy person and a PD patient separately. Then, in order to extend the model generality, we tried to generate the behaviour of all subjects of our database in the model. Hence, we extracted some features of stride signal including mean, variance, fractal dimension and five coefficients from spectral domain. With adding 10% tolerance to above mentioned neural network weights and using genetic algorithm, we found proper parameters to model every person in the used database. The following points may be regarded as clues for the acceptability of our model in simulating the stride signal: the high power of the network for simulating normal and patient states, high ability of the model in producing the behaviour of different persons in normal and patient cases, and the similarities between the model and physiological structure of basal ganglia.  }, Keywords = {Basal Ganglia,Artificial Neural Network,Genetic Algorithm, Simulation}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {33-42}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Nasirinezhad, Farinaz and Ramezanian, Ehsan and Sadeghi, Mahs}, title = {Concentration-Effect Relationship of Intrapritoneal Administration of 1, 25 (OH) 2-Vitamin D in a Chronic Constriction Model of Neuropathic Pain}, abstract ={Introduction:  Results: These findings revealed the exaggerated responses in the group which received CCI. The group which was treated by 1 μg/kg of 1,25 vit D3 showed a significant reduction in pain behavior. Injection of 1,25 vit D3 did not change the response of animals to the acetone drop and von frey filament. Discussion: Our results showed that antinoceptive effect of 1,25 vit D3 in a rodent neuropathic pain model is dose dependent and this vitamin may provide new approach for treatment of chronic pain.The presence of nuclear receptors of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25 vit D3), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, in neurons and glial cells indicates the biological effect of this vitamin in the nervous system. The present experiment was conducted to identify the effects of different doses of 1,25 vit D3 on mechanical and cold allodynia in rodent model of neuropatinc pain. Methods: A mononeuropathy was produced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. 1,25 vit D3 (0.3, 0.6 ,1 μg/Kg) was administered by an i.p. injection every 2 days during a month after CCI. Mechanical and cold allodynia were evaluated by Von frey filament and acetone respectively.}, Keywords = {1,25 Dihydroxy Vitamin D,Chronic Constriction Injury,Chronic pain,Rat.}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {43-50}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Narenjkar, Jamshid and Roghani, Mehrdad and Alambeygi, Hanieh and Sedaghati, Farnoosh}, title = {The Effect of the Flavonoid Quercetin on Pain Sensation in Diabetic Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: Hyperalgesia is considered as one of the marked signs of subchronic diabetes mellitus in patients that could affect their lifestyle. This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive effect of chronic administration of quercetin in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats using formalin and hot tail immersion tests. Methods: Rats were divided into control, control or diabetic groups receiving sodium salicylate, untreated diabetic, and quercetin-treated control and diabetic groups. The treatment groups received i.p. administration of quercetin at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 6 weeks. Finally, hyperalgesia were assessed using standard formalin and hot tail immersion tests. Meanwhile, some markers of oxidative stress were also measured in brain tissue.Results: Quercetin or SS treatment of diabetic rats significantly reduced pain score in chronic phase of formalin test (p<0.05). Regarding hot tail immersion test, diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in tail flick latency as compared to control ones (p<0.05) and quercetin treatment of diabetic rats did significantly increase this latency relative to untreated diabetics (p<0.05). Quercetin treatment of diabetic rats also significantly decreased brain level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) and nitrite (p<0.05) and slightly increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) relative to diabetics. Discussion: Taken together, chronic administration of quercetin could attenuate nociceptive score in chronic phase of formalin test in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and could also increase threshold of thermal nociception.  }, Keywords = {Quercetin,Diabetes Mellitus,Antinociception,Formalin Test,Hot Tail Immersion Test,Oxidative Stressof}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {51-57}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-146-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Zarghi, Afsaneh and Zarindast, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Demographic Variables and Selective, Sustained Attention and Planning through Cognitive Tasks among Healthy Adults}, abstract ={Introduction: Cognitive tasks are considered to be applicable and appropriate in assessing cognitive domains. The purpose of our study is to determine the relationship existence between variables of age, sex and education with selective, sustained attention and planning abilities by means of computerized cognitive tasks among healthy adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented during 6 months from June to November, 2010 on 84 healthy adults (42 male and 42 female). The whole participants performed computerized CPT, STROOP and TOL tests after being content and trained. Results: The obtained data indicate that there is a significant correlation coefficient between age, sex and education variables (p<0.05). Discussion: The above-mentioned tests can be used to assess selective, sustained attention and planning.}, Keywords = {Demographics,Planning,Selective Attention,Sustained Attention.}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {58-67}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-147-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Khreisat, Wael}, title = {Clinical Applications of Electroencephalogram in Children}, abstract ={Introduction: To obtain a baseline for clinical application of Electroencephalography in children and to evaluate the Electroencephalography findings in children with various acute and chronic CNS disorders and non epileptic events.Methods: electroencephalography Electroencephalography records of 250 patients were studied in neurophysiology departments of Queen Rania AL-Abdullah Hospital for children in Jordan. For each patient who had undergone Electroencephalography the following data were recorded: age, sex, source of referral (inpatient or outpatient department), reason for electroencephalography Electroencephalography , diagnostic impressions, clinical presentation, the result of the Electroencephalography examinations and clinical correlation between the seizure type and Electroencephalography finding.Results: Males slightly outnumbered females: 55% males. The majority of cases were Electroencephalography between 6-12 years, Total of 63.2 % of all referrals for Electroencephalography were from outpatient clinics while inpatients accounted for 36.8% of referred cases, with pediatric neurology department referrals being the highest (28.8 %). majority of diagnosis at referral were suspected epilepsy (80%)with epileptiform Electroencephalography abnormalities in 32%. Over all 64 % the Electroencephalography records were normal, including all Electroencephalography records of children with syncope and headache. Discussion: We conclude that there are many unnecessary routine Electroencephalography recordings in children. Investigation of epilepsy and acute encephalopathies appear to be the most valuable indications for routine pediatric Electroencephalography . Electroencephalography can be helpful in classification of seizures. Finding a way to reduce Electroencephalography requests is recommended.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy,Electroencephalography, Paroxysmal Event}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {68-72}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-148-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Yoonessi, Ali and Yoonessi, Ahm}, title = {A Glance at Psychophysics Software Programs}, abstract ={Visual stimulation with precise control of stimulus has transformed the field of psychophysics since the introduction of personal computers. Luminance and chromatic features of stimulus, timing, and position of the stimulus are the main features that could be defined using programs written specifically for psychophysical experiments. In this manuscript, software used for the psychophysical experiments have been reviewed and evaluated for ease of use, license, popularity, and expandability.}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {73-75}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Yoonessi, Ali and Ekhtiari, Hamed and Jogataei, Mohammad Taghi and Pouretemad, Hamid Rez}, title = {Emergence of Cognitive Neuroscience in The Middle East}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {3-4}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-172-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-172-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {NiehuesdaCruz, Júlia and DelwingdeLima, Daniela and DelwingDalMagro, Débora and GeraldoPereiradaCruz, José}, title = {The Power of Classic Music to Reduce Anxiety in Rats Treated with Simvastatin}, abstract ={Introduction: This study was designed to investigate the effects of music in Wistar rats after sub-chronic treatment of simvastatin. The rats were orally administered with either simvastatin or saline (controls). After 4 weeks of drug treatment, the rats were selected for behavioral studies. The rats were exposed to music 24 hours before behavioral tests (Mozart’s piano sonata, KV361, Largo). Results: The experiments suggest that exposure to chronic treatment with simvastatin (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) reduced anxiety levels in rats when associated with Mozart music in an elevated plus-maze. Discussion: These results indicate that music can serve as an effective adjuvant in rats treated with simvastatin, and that this species could potentially be used in other preclinical models utilizing musical interventions. Methods:}, Keywords = {Music,Elevated plus-maze,Open-field,Rattus norvegicus,Simvastatin.}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {5-11}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-173-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-173-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Safahani, Maryam and Amani, Reza and Aligholi, Hadi and Sarkaki, Alireza and Badavi, Mohammad and ZandMoghaddam, Ahmad and Haghighizadeh, M.Hosei}, title = {Effect of Different Doses of Soy Isoflavones on Spatial Learning and Memory in Ovariectomized Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: Several studies indicate that estrogen use increase performance on some tests of cognition especially in postmenopausal women. These steroids have many side effects, thus, other estrogenic agents with fewer side effects are needed to develop alternative treatment strategies. The main objection of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of dietary soy meals (with or without isoflavone) on spatial learning and memory in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods: Female Wistar rats with the exception of intact group were ovariectomized at the first line of study. Subjects were divided into six groups. The control group rats (c) were gonadally intact, while the others were OVX. OVX groups received normal diet (0), treated with 10 gr soy (10), 20 gr soy (20), 10 gr isoflavone free soy (-10) or 20 gr isoflavone free soy (-20) in daily diet for four weeks. The spatial learning and memory were tested using Morris water maze. Rats were trained in water maze to find a hidden escape Platform. Rats received 6 blocks that each block consisted of 3 trials. Following acquisition trials, one probe trial were conducted in which the platform was removed. Results: Soy meal diet (with or without isoflavone) in ovariectomized rats caused improvement of performance across 18 trials of Acquisition. Discussion: Our results suggest that soy consumption apart from containing isoflavone or not is a potential alternative to estrogen in the improvement of cognition.}, Keywords = {Soy,Isoflavone,Morris water maze,Ovariectomy,Rat.}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {12-18}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-174-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Parvishan, Asghar and Taslimil, Zahra and Ebrahimzadeh, Mohammad and Haghparast, Abbas}, title = {Capsazepine, a Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 (TRPV1) Antagonist, Attenuates Antinociceptive Effect of CB1 Receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2, in the Rat Nucleus Cuneiformis}, abstract ={Introduction: Nucleus cuneiformis (NCF), as part of descending pain inhibitory system, cooperates with periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in supraspinal modulation of pain. Cannabinoids have analgesic effects in the PAG, RVM and NCF. The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1) can be activated by anandamide and WIN55,212-2 as a cannabinoid receptor agonist. The aim of the current study is to investigate the possible interplay between the cannabinoid and vanilloid systems for modulation of pain at the NCF. Methods: In this study, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2 ( 15 μg/0.3 μl DMSO), and selective TRPV1 receptor antagonist, capsazepine (10, 25, 50 and100 nmol/0.3 μl DMSO), were microinjected bilaterally into the NCF, and tail-flick and formalin tests were used to assess the animal’s pain-related behaviors at 5-min intervals for a 60-min period. Results: Our findings demonstrated that analgesic effect of WIN55,212-2 were dose-dependently attenuated by capsazepine in both tests. In the tail-flick test, capsazepine at both doses of 50 (P<0.01) and 100 (P<0.001) nmol could significantly prevent the antinociceptive effect of WIN55,212-2 while capsazepine, in formalin test, could decreased its antinociceptive effect at the dose of 50 nmol (P<0.05) as well. On the other hand, solely administration of the highest dose of capsazepine in both tests did not alter the pain-related behaviors. Discussion: It suggests a possible role for TRPV1 receptors in NCF-mediated cannabinoid-induced antinociception.}, Keywords = {Nucleus Cuneiformis,TRPV1 Receptor,Cannabinoids,Tail-Flick,Formalin Test,Rat}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sarihi, Abdolrahman and Yazdi, Meisam and Heshmatian, Behnam and Salehi, Iraj and Behzadi, Gila and Naghdi, Nasser and Shahidi, Siamak and Komaki, Alireza and Haghparast, Abbas and Emam, Amir Hossei}, title = {The Effects of Lidocaine Reversible Inactivation of the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus on Passive Avoidance Learning in Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: The role of serotonergic fibers in avoidance learning is controversial. Involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), the main source of hippocampal projecting serotonergic fibers in acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance (PA) learning, was investigated by functional suppression of this area. Materials and Methods: DRN functional inactivation was done by lidocaine (0.5μl, 2%) injection into the DRN, 5 min before training (n=10) and 5 (n=9), 90 (n=10) and 360 min (n=9) after acquisition trial. In the last experiment, lidocaine was injected into the DRN 5 min before the retrieval test , which was 48 h after the training (n=10). Results: Our results showed that PA learning was not impaired by DRN inactivation 5 min before training nor 5 and 360 min after training. Lidocaine injected 90 min after the acquisition trial significantly reduced avoidance of the dark compartment (P<0.001). Intra-DRN injection of lidocaine before retrieval significantly increased PA retention (P<0.001). Therefore, it seems that DRN has opposite effects on consolidation and retrieval of passive avoidance learning, but it has no effect on PA acquisition. Discussion: It is suggested that functional ablation of DRN may disrupt integrity of subcortical circuits participating in PA consolidation, but DRN inactivation by increasing brain awareness may affect PA retrieval in rats.}, Keywords = {Dorsal Raphe,Passive Avoidance,Reversible Inactivation,Learning And Memory,Lidocaine,Rat.}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {27-35}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-176-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bijani, Sara and Sadeghi-Gharachehdaghi, Sara and Zardooz, Homeira and Ghoshooni, Hassan and Eidi, Akram and Shams, Jamal and Zarrindast, Mohammad-Reza and Sahraei, Hedayat}, title = {Influence of Nitric Oxide in the Central Amygdala on the Acquisition and Expression of Morphine-Induced Place Preference in Morphine Sensitized Rats}, abstract ={Effects of intra-central amygdala administration of L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl-ester (L NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on the morphine-induced sensitization and also on the expression of morphine-induced place conditioning in rats were studied. Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of morphine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg) induced place conditioning. Repeated pretreatment of morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by 5 days no drug treatment, increased place conditioning induced by morphine (0.5 mg/kg). Repeated intra-central amygdala administration of L-arginine (0.3, 1 and 3 μg/ rat), with morphine during acquisition of sensitization, significantly increased or reduced morphine place conditioning in sensitized rats. The drug administration before testing also increased and reduced the expression of morphine place conditioning in sensitized animals. Repeated intra-central amygdala injections of L-NAME (0.3, 1 and 3 μg/rat) with morphine during acquisition of sensitization, reduced the acquisition of morphine place conditioning in the sensitized animals. The drug injection before testing also reduced morphine-induced conditioning. The results indicate that nitric oxide (NO) within the central amygdala may be involved in the acquisition and expression of morphine place conditioning in morphine-sensitized rats.}, Keywords = {L-arginine,Morphine Sensitization,Nitric Oxide (NO),L-NAME,Central Amygdala,Rat.}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {36-46}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-177-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Hosseini, Mahmoud and Feizpour, Azadeh and Rezaeipour, Mohsen and Amani, Atefeh and Saffarzadeh, Fatima and Farrokhi, Esmaeil}, title = {Chronic Treatment by L-NAME differently Affects Morris Water Maze Tasks in Ovariectomized and Naïve Female Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: The role of ovarian hormones and nitric oxide (NO) in learning and memory and their interaction has been widely investigated. The present study carried out to evaluate different effect of L-NAME on spatial learning and memory of ovariectomized (OVX) and sham operated rats. Methods: 32 rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) Sham 2) OVX 3) Sham-LN and 4) OVX-LN. The animals of groups 3 and 4 were treated by L-NAME (10 mg/kg/ day) for 8 weeks while the animals of groups 1 and 2 received saline (1ml/kg/day) instead of L-NAME. The animals of all groups were then tested in Morris water maze during five days. The escape latency and traveled distance were compared between groups. Results: Distance and time in OVX group was significantly higher than Sham group (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Time and distance in Sham-LN group was higher in comparison with Sham group (p<0.05 and p<0.01). There were no significant differences between OVX-LN and OVX groups in escape latency and traveled distance. Discussion: The results of present study showed that removal of ovarian hormones could impair Morris water maze tskas includiong time and distance. Administarion of non specific nitricoxide inhibitor, L-NAME, affects Morrsi water maze tasks however, its effect is different in the absence and presence of ovarian hormones but it needs to be more investigated.}, Keywords = {Ovariectomy,Female Rat,Morris Water Maze,Morris Water Maze,}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-178-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shahidi, Siamak and Hashemi-Firouzi, Nasrin and Mahmoodi, Minoo}, title = {Modulation of Anxiety-Like Behavior in Sildenafil Citrate-Treated Mice Placed in an Elevated Plus-Maze}, abstract ={Introduction: Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, may have various effects on the central nervous system via the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. Preclinical studies have shown the controversial effect of sildenafil on anxiety-like behavior in animals. This study was undertaken to investigate the acute effect of sildenafil on anxiety-like behavior in mice. Methods: Male mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administrated sildenafil (1, 2, or 10 mg/kg), and the control group was given the vehicle 15 min before the plus-maze test. The number of entries into the open arms of the plus-maze, the time spent in the open arms, and the total numbers of entries into the arms were recorded. Results: The results indicated that compared to the control group, the sildenafil-treated mice spent more time in the open arms and had a greater number of entries into open arms. The total number of entries into the arms did not significantly differ between the sildenafil-treated groups and the control group. Discussion: Acute administration of sildenafil could have anxiolytic effects on male mice. This effect might be mediated in a time-dependent manner by the NO/ cGMP/PDE5 pathway.}, Keywords = {Anxiety,Sildenafil,Acute,Elevated Plus-Maze,Mice.}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {53-57}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-179-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AliVafaei, Abbas and Pakdel, Roghyeh and Nikzad, Saeed and Rashidy-Pour, Ali}, title = {Effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptors Blockade on FearMemory Reconsolidation in Rats}, abstract ={Reconsolidation memory is defined as a process in which the retrieval of a previously consolidated memory returns to a labile state which is then subject to stabilization. Previous studies have shown that mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) modulate distinct phases of learning and memory, which display a high concentration and distinct distribution in the hippocampus. Moreover, we found no studies that examined the role of hippocampal MRs in fear memory reconsolidation. Here, we investigated the effect of MRs blockade on fear memory reconsolidation in rats. Additionally, to test whether blockade of protein synthesis would disrupt fear memory reconsolidation in our paradigm, we tested the effect of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis after memory reactivation. Results indicated that systemic as well as intra-hippocampal administrations of the MR antagonist spironolactone immediately following memory reactivation did not affect on post-retrieval long-term memory. Cycloheximide given after the reactivation treatment produced a strong impairment that persisted over test sessions. These findings indicate that MRs are not required for reconsolidation of fear-based memory.}, Keywords = {Mineralocorticoid Receptor,Passive Avoidance Task,Hippocampus, Memory reconsolidation,Cycloheximide,Rat.}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {58-66}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-180-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Behroozi, Mehdi and Daliri, Mohammad Reza and Boyaci, Huseyi}, title = {Statistical Analysis Methods for the fMRI Data}, abstract ={Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a safe and non-invasive way to assess brain functions by using signal changes associated with brain activity. The technique has become a ubiquitous tool in basic, clinical and cognitive neuroscience. This method can measure little metabolism changes that occur in active part of the brain. We process the fMRI data to be able to find the parts of brain that are involve in a mechanism, or to determine the changes that occur in brain activities due to a brain lesion. In this study we will have an overview over the methods that are used for the analysis of fMRI data.}, Keywords = {fMRI,Machine Learning, Multi-Voxel Pattern Analysis(MVPA),General Linear Model (GLM),Independent ComponentAnalysis (ICA),Principal Component Analysis(PCA).}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {67-74}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-181-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The 20th Iranian Congress of Physiology and Pharmacology(ISPP 2011, Hamadan)}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {75-75}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-182-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Congress 2012}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {2}, Number = {4}, pages = {76-76}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-183-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-183-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2011} }