@article{ author = {Asehinde, Stephen and Ajayi, Abayomi and Bakre, Adewale and Omorogbe, Osarume and Adebesin, Adaeze and Umukoro, Solomo}, title = {Effects of Jobelyn® on Isoniazid-Induced Seizures, Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Glutamate Decarboxylase Activity in Mice}, abstract ={Introduction: Isoniazid-induced seizure, often described as Status Epilepticus (SE), is an emergency condition characterized by repeated convulsive episodes that responds poorly to the currently available anticonvulsant drugs. The current study aimed at ascertaining the effect of Jobelyn® (JB), an African dietary supplement, on seizures, altered oxidative stress, and glutamate decarboxylase activity induced by isoniazid in mice. Methods: A total of 6 mice received JB (10-50 mg/kg, PO), pyridoxine (300 mg/kg), diazepam (5 mg/kg), or distilled water (10 mL/kg) 30 minutes prior to the induction of SE with injection of isoniazid (300 mg/kg, IP). Thereafter, the mice were observed for the onset of convulsions for a period of two hours. Moreover, the effect of JB on Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) activity and biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione and malondialdehyde) was also evaluated in the brain homogenates of another set of isoniazid-treated mice. Results: JB (50 mg/kg, PO) prolonged the latency to convulsions, but could not prevent the occurrence of seizure episodes caused by isoniazid. Moreover, JB neither showed any protection against death nor delayed the latency to death caused by isoniazid. However, this dose of JB positively modulated the concentrations of malondialdehyde and glutathione in the brains of mice treated with isoniazid. The activity of GAD, the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis, increased by JB, which suggested enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission. Conclusion: The current study findings suggest that JB prolongs the latency to convulsions, enhances GABAergic neurotransmission, and demonstrates anti-oxidative effect in isoniazid-treated mice.}, Keywords = {Sorghum bicolor, Seizures, Isoniazid, Glutamate decarboxylase, GABA}, volume = {9}, Number = {6}, pages = {389-396}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.32598/bcn.9.6.389}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-980-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-980-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Hiwa and Rezaei, Mohammad and Amiri, Seyed Mojtaba and Rahimi, Zohreh and Mansouri, Kamran and Khazaie, Habibolah}, title = {Sleep Architecture and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity in Paradoxical and Psychophysiological Insomnia}, abstract ={Introduction: There are controversial reports about association between sleep and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) activity. Studies have reported the influence of insomnia on HPA hormones. However, they usually ignored the heterogeneity of insomnia symptoms, so subtypes of the disorder have not been considered in the reports. The present study aimed to investigate the final and intermediate products of HPA system among a group of psychophysiological and paradoxical insomniac patients in comparison to a group of normal sleepers.  Methods: We investigated the awakening serum level of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and cortisol after one night Polysomnography (PSG) in 17 subjects with psychophysiological insomnia, 19 subjects with paradoxical insomnia and 17 subjects with normal sleep profile. Groups were matched for age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Serum levels of ACTH and cortisol were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.  Results: Although, a tendency toward elevation of both ACTH and cortisol was observed among patients with paradoxical insomnia compared to both control and psychophysiological insomnia, the differences were not significant comparing three groups. According to regression analysis, higher Non-Rapid Eye Movement sleep (NREM) arousal and Pulse Transit Time (PTT) significantly predicted higher level of ACTH.  Conclusion: These findings could suggest the personality traits hypothesis for paradoxical insomnia. Both cortical and subcortical arousal could lead to more HPA activity and higher ACTH level. Further studies are recommended to confirm the hypothesis. }, Keywords = {Cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Sleep disorder, Insomnia }, volume = {9}, Number = {6}, pages = {397-407}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.32598/bcn.9.6.397}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-978-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-978-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rahmanzadeh, Reza and Mehrabi, Soraya and Barati, Mahmood and Ahmadi, Milad and Golab, Fereshteh and Kazmi, Sareh and Joghataei, Mohammad Taghi and Seifi, Morteza and Gholipourmalekabadi, Mazaher}, title = {Effect of Co-administration of Bumetanide and Phenobarbital on Seizure Attacks in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy}, abstract ={Introduction: The resistance of temporal lobe epilepsy to classic drugs is thought to be due to disruption in the excitation/inhibition of this pathway. Two chloride transporters, NKCC1 and KCC2, are expressed differently for the excitatory state of Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA). The present study explored the effect of bumetanide as a selective NKCC1 inhibitor either alone or in combination with the phenobarbital in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy.  Methods: An animal model of Status Epilepticus (SE) was induced with pilocarpine in Wistar male rats followed by phenobarbital and or bumetanide or saline administration for 45 days after the induction of SE by Intraperitoneal (IP) injection. The rats were monitored, their behavior was recorded, and after 24 hours they were sacrificed to study the expression of NKCC1 and KCC2 using real time PCR. Results: The data showed that the effects of a combination of bumetanide with phenobarbital on frequency rate and duration of seizure attack were more than those of the phenobarbital alone. In addition, in the bumetanide and combined treatment groups, NKCC1 expression decreased significantly, compared with untreated epileptic animals. A delayed decrement in NKCC1/KCC2 expression ratio after bumetanide application was also observed. Conclusion: The combination of bumetanide with phenobarbital increases the inhibition of SE and maximizes the potential of GABA signaling pathway, and can be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in patients with epilepsy.}, Keywords = {Bumetanide, KCC2, NKCC1, Phenobarbital, Temporal lobe epilepsy}, volume = {9}, Number = {6}, pages = {408-416}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.32598/bcn.9.6.408}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-826-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-826-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rohilla, Seema and K.Garg, Harender and Singh, Ishwar and KYadav, Rohtas and B.Dhaulakhandi, Dhar}, title = {rCBV- and ADC-based Grading of Meningiomas With Glimpse Into Emerging Molecular Diagnostics}, abstract ={Introduction: This study was conducted to grade meningiomas based on relative Cerebral Blood Volume (rCBV) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) to help surgeons plan the approach and extent of operation as well as decide on the need of any adjuvant radio/chemo therapy. The current and evolving genomic, proteomic, and spectroscopic technologies are also discussed which can supplement the current radiologic methods and procedures in grading meningiomas. Methods: A total of 35 patients with meningioma prospectively underwent basic MR sequences (T1W, T2W, T2W/FLAIR) in axial, sagittal and coronal planes followed by Diffusion Weighted (DW) imaging having b value of 1000 (minimum ADC values used for analysis). Then, gadobenate dimeglumine/meglumine gadoterate was administered (0.1 mmol/kg at a rate of 4 mL/s) followed by saline flush (20 mL at a rate of 4 mL/s). Next, T2*W/FFE dynamic images were acquired; dynamics showing maximum fall in intensity was used for creating rCBV and relative Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) maps and calculating rCBV. Results: Both maximum rCBV and minimum ADC within the tumor were not significant for differentiating benign from malignant meningiomas. A cut-off maximum rCBV of 2.5 mL/100 g in peritumoral edema was 75% sensitive, 84.6% specific, and 83.3% accurate in differentiating benign from malignant meningiomas.  Conclusion: Benign and malignant meningiomas can be differentiated based on maximum rCBV in peritumoral edema but ADC values within the tumor are insignificant in differentiating benign and malignant tumors. rCBV values within tumor, however, may be helpful in subtyping meningiomas, especially transitional and meningothelial meningiomas. }, Keywords = {Meningioma grading, Relative Cerebral Blood Volume, Apparent diffusion coefficient, Genomic, Proteomics}, volume = {9}, Number = {6}, pages = {417-428}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.32598/bcn.9.6.417}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-904-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-904-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Leila and KazemiNezhad, Seyed Reza and Behbahani, Parisima and Khajeddin, Nilofar and Pourmehdi-Boroujeni, Mehdi}, title = {Genetic Variations of DAOA (rs947267 and rs3918342) and COMT Genes (rs165599 and rs4680) in Schizophrenia and Bipolar I Disorder}, abstract ={Introduction: Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Many reports confirm that several common genes are connected with these two psychotic disorders. Several neurotransmitters may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to estimate the role of two talent genes: DAOA in neurotransmission of glutamate and COMT in neurotransmission of dopamine to guide the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.  Methods: Blood samples (n=100 for schizophrenia, n=100 for bipolar I disorder and n=127 for case control) were collected from individuals unrelated in the southwest of Iran. The SNPs (rs947267 and rs3918342 for DAOA gene/ rs165599 and rs4680 for COMT gene) were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. Our finding was studied by logistic regression and Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square tests. Results: We observed an association in rs3918342, rs165599 and rs4680 single nucleotide polymorphisms and schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder. In addition, our data demonstrated that the rs947267 was related to bipolar I disorder but there was no association between this SNP and schizophrenia. Conclusion: In conclusion, this result supports the hypothesis that variations in DAOA and COMT genes may play a role in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.}, Keywords = {Catechol-O-methyltransferase, D-amino acid oxidase activator, Genetics, Schizophrenic disorders, Bipolar disorder}, volume = {9}, Number = {6}, pages = {429-438}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.32598/bcn.9.6.429}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-908-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-908-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sarraf-Razavi, Mahdiyeh and Tehrani-Doost, Mehdi and Ghassemi, Farnaz and Nazari, Mohammad Ali and ZiatabarAhmadi, Zohreh}, title = {Early Posterior Negativity as Facial Emotion Recognition Index in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder}, abstract ={Introduction: Studies indicate that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have deficits in social and emotional functions. It can be hypothesized that these children have some deficits in early stages of facial emotion discrimination. Based on this hypothesis, the present study investigated neural correlates of early visual processing during emotional face recognition in this group compared with typically developing children using the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs).  Methods: Nineteen boys between the ages of 7 and 11 years diagnosed with ADHD (Combined type) based on DSM-IV-TR classification were compared with 19 typically developing children matched on age and gender. The participants performed an emotional face recognition task while their brain activities were recorded using the event-related potentials procedure.  Results: A significant reduction in the Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) for happy and angry faces has been revealed in ADHD children compared to normal ones (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study supports the notion that individuals with ADHD have some impairments in early stage of emotion processing which can leading to their misinterpretation of emotion in faces.}, Keywords = {Emotional face recognition, Event-Related Potentials (ERP), Early Posterior Negativity (EPN), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)}, volume = {9}, Number = {6}, pages = {439-447}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.32598/bcn.9.6.439}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-991-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-991-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Yazdi-Ravandii, Saeid and Shamsaei, Farshid and Matinnia, Nasrin and Shams, Jamal and Moghimbeigi, Abbas and Ghaleiha, Ali and Ahmadpanah, Mohamm}, title = {Cognitive Process in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study}, abstract ={Introduction: In recent studies, deficit in cognitive process has been investigated as one of the etiological hypotheses in a wide range of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). This research aimed to compare cognitive process in patients with OCD and healthy groups. Methods: In the current cross-sectional analytic study, 43 patients with OCD and 43 healthy individuals matched with gender, age, educational and marital status were selected by convenience sampling method and assessed by Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The obtained data were analyzed with Chi-square, Independent t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation in SPSS version16. Results: There was no difference between the patients with OCD and the healthy group in demographic characteristics (P>0.05). There was a significant differences between two group on the all subscale of WCST test and PASAT3, PASAT2 tests (P<0.01). These findings indicate that the OCD patient’s performance in cognitive process was significantly worse than the healthy controls.  Conclusion: The findings indicate that individuals with OCD suffer from a deficiency in various aspects of cognitive processes. Therefore, paying attention to these deficiencies can make an important contribution to the treatment of these patients.}, Keywords = {Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Cognitive process, Information processing}, volume = {9}, Number = {6}, pages = {448-457}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.32598/bcn.9.6.448}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1043-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1043-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Etesam, Zahra and Nemati, Maryam and Ebrahimizadeh, Mohammad-Amin and Ebrahimi, Hossain-Ali and Hajghani, Hossain and Khalili, Tahereh and Jafarzadeh, Abdollah}, title = {Different Expressions of Specific Transcription Factors of Th1 (T-bet) and Th2 cells (GATA-3) by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients With Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder caused by self-reactive Th1 lymphocytes, while Th2 cells may confer protection. The Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation are regulated by specific transcription factors, especially T-bet and GATA-3, respectively. This investigation aimed to measure the T-bet and GATA-3 expression by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) obtained from MS patients after specific and non-specific in vitro stimulation. Methods: The PBMCs were separated from 22 patients with MS and 20 healthy individuals. They were cultured at 37°C for 24 h in the absence of a stimulator or in the presence of Myelin oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) or Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Then the T-bet and GATA-3 expression was measured by real time-PCR. Results: The T-bet expression was enhanced, while the GATA-3 expression diminished. Therefore the expression of T-bet/GATA-3 ratio diminished in not-stimulated, MOG-stimulated and PHA-stimulated PBMCs from MS patients compared with equal cultures from the healthy individuals (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01, for T-bet; P<0.03, P<0.01 and P<0.02, for GATA-3; P<0.01, P<0.001 and P<0.01 for T-bet/GATA-3 ratio, respectively). The not-stimulated, MOG-stimulated, and PHA-stimulated PBMCs from men with MS expressed higher amounts of GATA-3 than equal cells from MS women (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: These results probably indicate an imbalance in Th1/Th2 cells in the level of transcription factors with a tendency toward Th1 cells in MS. The clinical utilization of the transcription factors as novel biomarkers of MS should be evaluated in further studies.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Th1, Th2, T-bet, GATA-3}, volume = {9}, Number = {6}, pages = {458-469}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, doi = {10.32598/bcn.9.6.458}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-744-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2018} }