@article{ author = {Faridi, Farnaz and Khosrowabadi, Rez}, title = {Behavioral, Cognitive and Neural Markers of Asperger Syndrome}, abstract ={Asperger syndrome (AS) is a subtype of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) characterized by major problems in social and nonverbal communication, together with limited and repetitive forms of behavior and interests. The linguistic and cognitive development in AS is preserved which help us to differentiate it from other subtypes of ASD. However, significant effects of AS on cognitive abilities and brain functions still need to be researched. Although a clear cut pathology for Asperger has not been identified yet, recent studies have largely focused on brain imaging techniques to investigate AS. In this regard, we carried out a systematic review on behavioral, cognitive, and neural markers (specifically using MRI and fMRI) studies on AS. In this paper, behavior, motor skills and language capabilities of individuals with Asperger are compared to those in healthy controls. In addition, common findings across MRI and fMRI based studies associated with behavior and cognitive disabilities are highlighted. }, Keywords = {Asperger syndrome, Behavioral deficit, Cognitive dysfunction, Neurobiological marker}, volume = {8}, Number = {5}, pages = {349-360}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.5.349}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-799-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-799-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ameri, Fereshteh and Vazifeshenas, Naser and Haghparast, Abbas}, title = {The Impact of Audio Book on the Elderly Mental Health}, abstract ={Introduction: The growing elderly population calls mental health professionals to take measures concerning the treatment of the elderly mental disorders. Today in developed countries, bibliotherapy is used for the treatment of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of audio book on the elderly mental health of Retirement Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.  Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 60 elderly people participated in 8 audio book presentation sessions, and their mental health aspects were evaluated through mental health questionnaire (SCL-90-R). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.  Results: Data analysis revealed that the mean difference of pretest and posttest of control group is less than 5.0, so no significant difference was observed in their mental health, but this difference was significant in the experimental group (more than 5.0). Therefore, a significant improvement in mental health and its dimensions have observed in elderly people participated in audio book sessions. This therapeutic intervention was effective on mental health dimensions of paranoid ideation, psychosis, phobia, aggression, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and somatic complaints. Conclusion: Considering the fact that our population is moving toward aging, the obtained results could be useful for policy makers and health and social planners to improve the health status of the elderly. }, Keywords = {Mental disorders, Mental health, Bibliotherapy, Audio book}, volume = {8}, Number = {5}, pages = {361-370}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.5.361}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {SiyahMansoory, Meysam and Oghabian, Mohammad Ali and Jafari, Amir Homayoun and Shahbabaie, Alirez}, title = {Analysis of Resting-State fMRI Topological Graph Theory Properties in Methamphetamine Drug Users Applying Box-Counting Fractal Dimension}, abstract ={Introduction: Graph theoretical analysis of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data has provided new measures of mapping human brain in vivo. Of all methods to measure the functional connectivity between regions, Linear Correlation (LC) calculation of activity time series of the brain regions as a linear measure is considered the most ubiquitous one. The strength of the dependence obligatory for graph construction and analysis is consistently underestimated by LC, because not all the bivariate distributions, but only the marginals are Gaussian. In a number of studies, Mutual Information (MI) has been employed, as a similarity measure between each two time series of the brain regions, a pure nonlinear measure. Owing to the complex fractal organization of the brain indicating self-similarity, more information on the brain can be revealed by fMRI Fractal Dimension (FD) analysis. Methods: In the present paper, Box-Counting Fractal Dimension (BCFD) is introduced for graph theoretical analysis of fMRI data in 17 methamphetamine drug users and 18 normal controls. Then, BCFD performance was evaluated compared to those of LC and MI methods. Moreover, the global topological graph properties of the brain networks inclusive of global efficiency, clustering coefficient and characteristic path length in addict subjects were investigated too. Results: Compared to normal subjects by using statistical tests (P<0.05), topological graph properties were postulated to be disrupted significantly during the resting-state fMRI.  Conclusion: Based on the results, analyzing the graph topological properties (representing the brain networks) based on BCFD is a more reliable method than LC and MI.}, Keywords = {Graph theory, Box-counting fractal dimension, Mutual information, Linear correlation, Methamphetamine}, volume = {8}, Number = {5}, pages = {371-386}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.5.371}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-741-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Moayeri, Ardeshir and NazmBojnordi, Maryam and Haratizadeh, Sara and Esmaeilnejad-Moghadam, Amir and Alizadeh, Rafieh and GhasemiHamidabadi, Hatef}, title = {Transdifferentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Into Oligoprogenitor Cells}, abstract ={Introduction: The nerve fibers in central nervous system are surrounded by myelin sheet  which is formed by oligodendrocytes. Cell therapy based on oligodendrocytes and their precursors transplantation can hold a promising alternative treatment for myelin sheet repair in demyelinating diseases. Methods: Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) are noninvasive, autologous and easy available source with multipotency characteristics, so they are in focus of interest in regenerative medicine. In the present study, hDPSCs were differentiated into oligoprogenitor using glial induction media, containing Retinoic Acid (RA), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), N2 and B27. The differentiated Oligoprogenitor Cells (OPCs) were evaluated for nestin, Olig2, NG2 and O4 using immunocytochemistry. Also, the expression of nestin, Olig2 and PDGFR-α gens (neuroprogenitor and oligoprogenitor markers) were investigated via RT-PCR technique.  Results: The results indicate that glial differentiation medium induces the generation of oligoprogenitor cells as revealed via exhibition of specific glial markers, including Olig2, NG2 and O4. The expersion of nestin gene (neuroprogenitor marker) and Olig2 and PDGFR-α genes (oligoprogentor markers) were detected in treated hDPSCs at the end of the induction stage. Conclusion: hDPSCs can be induced to transdifferentiate into oligoprogenitor cells and respond to the routinely applied regents for glial differentiation of mesanchymal stem cells. These data suggest the hDPSCs  as a valuable source for cell therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.}, Keywords = {Dental pulp stem cells, Regenerative medicine, Oligoprogenitor cells, Mesenchymal stem cells}, volume = {8}, Number = {5}, pages = {387-394}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.5.387}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-807-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-807-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khodamoradi, Mehdi and Asadi-Shekaari, Majid and Esmaeili-Mahani, Saeed and Sharififar, Fariba and Sheibani, Vahi}, title = {Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Soy on Learning, Memory and Synaptic Plasticity Deficits Induced by Seizure in Ovariectomized Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: Previous studies have shown that seizure can induce cognitive impairment. On the other hand, soy phytoestrogens, which are mainly found in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), have beneficial effects on the nervous system. However, little is known about their probable effects on seizure. The present study aimed to examine the probable effects of soy extract, containing the phytoestrogen genistein on seizure-induced cognitive and synaptic plasticity impairment in Ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods: Rats were ovariectomized, implanted with guide cannula and then divided into 5 groups (n=7-8 in each group): PBS, KA, Saline-KA, Higher Dose Soy (HDS-KA), and Lower Dose Soy (LDS-KA) groups. Animals of the HDS-KA and LDS-KA groups received intraperitoneal administration of soy extract (20 and 2 mg/kg, respectively) and the Saline-KA group received normal saline once a day for 4 days. Sixty minutes after the last injection, Kainic Acid (KA) or PBS was injected into the left lateral ventricle via pre-implanted guide cannula to induce generalized seizures. The Morris water maze task and in vivo field potential recordings were conducted 7 days later. Results: Soy extract at both doses significantly improved learning impairment and at the higher dose (20 mg/kg) significantly prevented seizure-induced spatial memory impairment and deficit of long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Conclusion: The soy extract containing the phytoestrogen genistein may have beneficial effects on memory deficit induced by seizure in OVX rats and this effect is accompanied by a beneficial effect on synaptic plasticity.}, Keywords = {Seizure, Soy extract, Genistein, Long-term potentiation, Spatial memory}, volume = {8}, Number = {5}, pages = {395-404}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.5.395}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-825-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-825-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Forogh, Bijan and Ahadi, Tannaz and Nazari, Maryam and Sajadi, Simin and AbdulLatif, Lydia and AkhavanHejazi, Seyed Majid and Raissi, Gholamrez}, title = {The Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Postural Stability After Acute Stroke: A Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Introduction: Balance impairment is a common problem and a major cause of motor disability after stroke. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether low-frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) improves the postural balance problems in stroke patients. Methods: This randomized double blind clinical trial with 12 weeks follow-up was conducted on stroke patients. Treatment was carried with 1 Hz rTMS in contralateral brain hemisphere over the primary motor area for 20 minutes (1200 pulses) for 5 consecutive days. Static postural stability, Medical Research Council (MRC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Fugl-Meyer assessments were evaluated immediately, 3 weeks and 12 weeks after intervention. Results: A total of 26 patients were enrolled (age range=53 to 79 years; 61.5% were male) in this study. Administering rTMS produced a significant recovery based on BBS (df=86, 7; F=7.4; P=0.01), Fugl-Meyer Scale (df=86, 7; F=8.7; P<0.001), MRC score (df=87, 7; F=2.9; P=0.01), and static postural stability (df=87, 7; F=9.8; P<0.001) during the 12 weeks follow-up. Conclusion: According to the findings, rTMS as an adjuvant therapy may improve the static postural stability, falling risk, coordination, motor recovery, and muscle strength in patients with stroke.}, Keywords = {Stroke, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Stroke rehabilitation, Postural balance, Proprioception}, volume = {8}, Number = {5}, pages = {405-412}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.5.405}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-828-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-828-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Vasaghi-Gharamaleki, Behnoosh and Naser, Zahr}, title = {Predicting the Risk of Hearing Impairment Following the Cervical Spine Diseases by Measuring the Cervical Range of Movements: A Pilot Study}, abstract ={Introduction: Cervical spine abnormalities can affect the ear vessels and or nerves with different mechanisms. Ear dysfunctions following cervical spine injuries can be manifested as hearing loss, vertigo, or tinnitus. Usually, cervical spine injuries can cause pain and Range of Motion (ROM) limitation. The major objective of this study was to determine which cervical ROM limitation was accompanied with higher level of hearing loss. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 42 volunteers (20 women and 22 men) with cervical spine injury and pain participated after giving their informed consent. Audiometry, tympanometry, and pure-tone threshold of individuals were taken in frequencies from 250 to 8000 Hz in all cases. The ROM limitation in flexion, extension and rotation was recorded.  Results: About 53% of participants had bilateral hearing loss. In 40.48% (n=17) of cases, rotation to the left was limited. Flexion and extension motion were restricted on 23.8% (n=10) and 30.95% (n=13) of the participants, respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between sex and hearing loss but a significant correlation was observed between hearing loss and ROM limitation of rotation to the left in men. Conclusion: According to the present study, the likelihood of hearing loss was high in patients with cervical left rotation limitation, and that the incidence of hearing loss following the cervical spine injuries was more in men. It seems that left Rotation limitation can be used as a predictor to diagnosis of hearing impairment following the cervical spine injuries (especially in men).}, Keywords = {Cervical neck injuries, Hearing loss, Range of motion, Cervical movement}, volume = {8}, Number = {5}, pages = {413-418}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.5.413}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-898-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-898-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {SarrafRazavi, Mahdiyeh and Tehranidoost, Mehdi and Ghassemi, Farnaz and Purabassi, Parivash and Taymourtash, Athe}, title = {Emotional Face Recognition in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence From Event Related Gamma Oscillation}, abstract ={Introduction: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have some impairment in emotional relationship which can be due to problems in emotional processing. The present study investigated neural correlates of early stages of emotional face processing in this group compared with typically developing children using the Gamma Band Activity (GBA). Methods: A total of 19 children diagnosed with ADHD (Combined type) based on DSM-IV classification were compared with 19 typically developing children matched on age, gender, and IQ. The participants performed an emotional face recognition while their brain activities were recorded using an event-related oscillation procedure. Results: The results indicated that ADHD children compared to normal group showed a significant reduction in the gamma band activity, which is thought to reflect early perceptual emotion discrimination for happy and angry emotions (P<0.05).  Conclusion: The present study supports the notion that individuals with ADHD have some impairments in early stage of emotion processing which can cause their misinterpretation of emotional faces.}, Keywords = {Emotional face recognition, Event-Related Oscillation (ERO), Gamma band activity, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) }, volume = {8}, Number = {5}, pages = {419-427}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.18869/nirp.bcn.8.5.419}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-938-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-938-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2017} }