@article{ author = {Haarmann, Anna Maria and Jafarian, Maryam and Karimzadeh, Fariba and Gorji, Ali}, title = {Modulatory Effects of Dopamine D2 Receptors on Spreading Depression in Rat Somatosensory Neocortex}, abstract ={Introduction: Spreading depression (SD) is a propagating wave of depolarization followed by depression of the neuroglial activities and can modulate extracellular dopamine concentrations in the neocortex. It has been shown that the dopaminergic system plays a role in migraine. SD has been suggested as a critical phenomenon in the pathophysiology of migraine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dopamine D2 receptors on the characteristic features of SD in rat neocortical tissues. Methods: The effect of dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole and D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride was tested on different characteristic features (amplitude, duration and velocity) of KCl-induced SD in somatosensory neocortical slices of adult rats. The effect of above-mentioned substances on production of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the neocortex was also evaluated. Results: The present data revealed a dose-dependent suppression of the amplitude and duration of SD in the presence of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride in the neocortex. D2 dopamine receptor agonist quinpirole dose-dependently enhanced the amplitude and duration of the neocortical SD. Furthermore, application of D2 receptor antagonist significantly suppressed induction of LTP. Discussion: These results indicate that D2 receptors modulate the initiation of SD in the neocortex. This finding refers to the potential role of D2 receptor antagonist in treatment of migraine pain.}, Keywords = {Spreading, Depolarization, Migraine, Stroke, Synapse, In Vitro}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {246-252}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-422-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-422-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Nilipour, Reza and Pourshahbaz, Abbas and Ghoreyshi, Zahra Sadat}, title = {Reliability and Validity of Bedside Version of Persian WAB (P-WAB-1)}, abstract ={Introduction: In this study, we reported the reliability and validity of Bedside version of Persian WAB (P-WAB-1) adapted from Western Aphasia Battery (WAB-R)1,2. P-WAB-1 is a clinical linguistic measuring tool to determine severity and type of aphasia in brain damaged patients based on Aphasia Quotient (AQ) as a functional measure. For the purposes of a quick clinical screening of aphasia in Persian, we adapted the bedside version of WAB-R to assess the performance of Persian aphasic patients.  Methods: The data we reported on adaptation, validity and reliability of P-WAB-1 are based on faithful translation and criterion validity ratio (CVR) taken from the expert panel and the performance of 60 consecutive brain damaged patients referred to different university clinics for rehabilitation and 30 healthy subjects as norms and 40 age-matched epileptic patients as the control group.  Results: Based on the results of this study, P-WAB-1 has internal consistency (a=0.71) and test-retest reliability (r=.65 p<.oo1) and the subtests are sensitive enough to contribute to Aphasia Quotient (AQ) as a functional measure of severity of aphasia in Iranian brain damaged patients. Based on AQ results, our aphasic patients were classified into four distinct groups of severity.  Discussion: P-WAB-1 is the first clinical linguistic test to determine severity of aphasia based on an operational index and can be considered as a valid baseline for screening and diagnosis of aphasia among Persian speaking brain damaged patients. This study is the initial step on adaptation of different versions of WAB-R to measure the severity of aphasia using AQ, LQ and CQ as operational measures and to classify Persian speaking aphasic patients into different types.}, Keywords = {Aphasia, Persian, CVA, Aphasia Quotient, P-WAB1}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {253-258}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-455-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-455-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {FakhrTabatabaie, Ashkan and Azadehfar, Mohammad Reza and Mirian, Negin and Noroozian, Maryam and Yoonessi, Ahmad and Yoonessi, Ali}, title = {Neural Correlates of Boredom in Music Perception}, abstract ={Introduction: Music can elicit powerful emotional responses, the neural correlates of which have not been properly understood. An important aspect about the quality of any musical piece is its ability to elicit a sense of excitement in the listeners. In this study, we investigated the neural correlates of boredom evoked by music in human subjects. Methods: We used EEG recording in nine subjects while they were listening to total number of 10 short-length (83 sec) musical pieces with various boredom indices. Subjects evaluated boringness of musical pieces while their EEG was recording. Results: Using short time Fourier analysis, we found that beta2 rhythm was (16-20 Hz) significantly lower whenever the subjects rated the music as boring in comparison to nonboring. Discussion: The results demonstrate that the music modulates neural activity of various partsof the brain and can be measured using EEG.}, Keywords = {Music, Emotion, Boredom, EEG, Brain Rhythms}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {259-266}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-498-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-498-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Bina, Payvand and Rezvanfard, Mehrnaz and Ahmadi, Shamseddin and Zarrindast, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Anxiolytic-like Effects and Increase in Locomotor Activity Induced by Infusions of NMDA into the Ventral Hippocampus in Rat: Interaction with GABAergic System}, abstract ={Introduction: In this study, we investigated the role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the ventral hippocampus (VH) and their possible interactions with GABAA system on anxiety-like behaviors. Methods: We used an elevated-plus maze test (EPM) to assess anxiety-like behaviors and locomotor activity in male Wistar rats. Results: The results showed that intra-VH infusions of different doses of NMDA (0.25 and 0.5 μg/rat) increased locomotor activity, and also induced anxiolytic-like behaviors, as revealed by a tendency to increase percentage of open arm time (%OAT), and a significant increase in percentage of open arm entries (%OAE). The results also showed that intra-VH infusions of muscimol (0.5 and 1 μg/rat) or bicuculline (0.5 and 1 μg/rat) did not significantly affect anxiety-like behaviors, but bicuculline at dose of 1 μg/rat increased locomotor activity. Intra-VH co-infusions of muscimol (0.5 μg/rat) along with low doses of NMDA (0.0625 and 0.125 μg/rat) showed a tendency to increase %OAT, %OAE and locomotor activity however, no interaction was observed between the drugs. Interestingly, intra-VH co-infusions of bicuculline (0.5 μg/rat) along with effective doses of NMDA (0.25 and 0.5 μg/rat) decreased %OAT, %OAE and locomotor activity, and a significant interaction between two drugs was observed. Discussion: It can be concluded that GABAergic system may mediate the anxiolytic-like effects and increase in locomotor activity induced by NMDA in the VH.}, Keywords = {Anxiety-like behavior, Elevated-plus maze, NMDA, Muscimol, Bicuculline}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {267-276}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Rahmati, Narges and Rostami, Reza and Zali, Mohammad Reza and Nowicki, Stephen and Zarei, Jamilah}, title = {The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Enhancing Cognitive Process Involved in Entrepreneurship Abilities among Primary School Students in District No.3 Tehran}, abstract ={Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the entrepreneurial traits of school children in the city of Tehran. Methods: For this purpose, 48 students were selected with an average IQ between 90 and 119. Ranging from 7th to 12th grades, all the subjects were assessed using Nowicki-Strickland’s Locus of Control Scale (N-SLCS), Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), and Hyperkinetic Syndrome Assessment Method (HKSD). The obtained results were then organized and categorized into three groups. One of the groups was randomly chosen as experimental and the other as the control group and the last play group. In this empirical study, the students received Sensory Motor Rhythm (SMR) and Beta neurofeedback for 20 sessions. The play group was assigned to play mind games for 20 sessions. At the same time, the control group received no experiments. After the end of the experiments, all the students in three groups were reassessed by Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, Hyperkinetic Syndrome Assessment Method, and Nowicki-Strickland’s Locus of Control Scale. Results: The results from MANOVA showed that the neurofeedback group had demonstrated a meaningful change in creativity and locus of control while the adaptability of risk-taking was on a meaningful level for the experimental group. The results also indicate an improvement in creativity for the neurofeedback group in comparison with the play group on a 0.02 meaningful level. Similarly, the results suggest an improvement in creativity for the neurofeedback group on a 0.000 meaningful level in comparison with the control group. This is while the play group and the control group do not show any meaningful difference. The results also show an improvement in the internal locus of control for the neurofeedback group in comparison with the play group on a 0.032 meaningful level while, it is meaningful on a 0.01 level for the neurofeedback group in comparison with the control group. Discussion: The findings for the play group and control group do not show any meaningful difference. The paper concludes that neurofeedback training can be used for increasing the level of entrepreneurial traits in students.}, Keywords = {Neurofeedback, Creativity, QEEG, primary school}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {277-284}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-423-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-423-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Farrokhi, Esmeil and Hosseini, Mahmoud and Beheshti, Farimah and Vafaei, Farzaneh and Hadjzadeh, Mosa Al-reza and Dastghaib, Samaneh Sadat}, title = {Brain Tissues Oxidative Damage as a Possible Mechanism of Deleterious Effects of Propylthiouracil- Induced Hypothyroidism on Learning and Memory in Neonatal and Juvenile Growth in Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: The role of brain tissues oxidative damage in learning and memory impairments has been well documented. It is also well known that thyroid hormones have a critical role for the brain functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of brain tissues oxidative damage as a possible mechanism of deleterious effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) - induced hypothyroidism on learning and memory in neonatal and juvenile growth in rats. Methods: Fourteen pregnant female Wistar rats were kept in separate cages. After delivery, they were randomly divided into two groups including control and PTU. Rats in the control group received normal drinking water, whereas the second group received drinking water supplemented with 0.02% PTU from the first day after delivery through the first two months of the life of offspring (the pups of rats). After 60 days, nine male offspring of each group were randomly selected and tested in the Morris water maze (MWM). Then, samples of blood were collected to measure thyroxine. Finally, the brains were removed and total thiol groups and molondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. Results: Compared to the control group’s offspring, serum thyroxine levels in the PTU group’s off spring were significantly low (P<0.001). In MWM, the escape latency and traveled path in the PTU group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01- P<0.001). In PTU group, the total thiol concentrations in both cortical and hippocampal tissues were significantly lower and MDA concentrations were higher than control group (P<0.001). Discussion: It seems that deleterious effect of hypothyroidism during neonatal and juvenile growth on learning and memory is at least in part due to brain tissues oxidative damage.}, Keywords = {Hypothyroidism, Lactation, Neonatal, Juvenile, Learning , Memory, Oxidative stress }, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {285-294}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-398-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-398-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Molaei, Marzieh and Sanati, Mohammad-Hossein and Zaringhalammoghadam, Jalal and Haghparast, Abbas}, title = {Microinjection of WIN55,212-2 as a Cannabinoid Agonist into the Basolateral Amygdala Induces Sensitization to Morphine in Rats}, abstract ={Introduction: Previous studies have shown that the basolateral amygdale (BLA) is rich of CB1 cannabinoid receptors and involved in cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Also, it seems that there are functional interactions between the cannabinoid CB1 and opioid receptors in the process of sensitization to opiates. In the present study, we tried to examine the role of intra-BLA cannabinoid receptors on development of sensitization to morphine.  Methods: In this study, seventy two adult male albino Wistar rats weighting 230-280 g were included. Antinociception response of subcutaneous (sc), administration of saline (1 ml/kg), and morphine (1 and 10 mg/kg) were measured by the tail-flick test in animals that were received subcutaneous administration of morphine (5 mg/kg) or saline (1 ml/kg) once a day for three days (sensitization period), followed by five days free of drug. The dose of 1 mg/kg of morphine was selected as the appropriate (ineffective) dose in the next stages of experiment for measuring analgesia in the tail-flick test in sensitive animals which previously received bilateral intra-BLA CB1 receptor agonist, WIN55,212-2 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM/0.3 μl/side), DMSO, or saline (0.3 μl/side) during sensitization period.  Results: Bilateral intra-BLA administration of WIN55, 212-2, increased morphine-induced antinociception in ineffective dose, while this effect was not observed in the groups that received DMSO or saline. Our findings indicated that CB1 receptors within the BLA are involved in the sensitization to morphine.  Discussion: It seems that glutamatergic projections from the BLA to the nucleus accumbens are involved in the development of morphine sensitization induced by cannabinoids.}, Keywords = {Sensitization, Basolateral amygdala, Cannabinoid receptor, Morphine, Rat}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {295-302}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-425-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-425-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2014} } @article{ author = {Mohammad-Zadeh, Mohammad and Azhdari-Zarmehri, Hassan and Mosavi, Faeze and Shabani, Mohamm}, title = {Modulation of Different Phases of Formalin Test by Force Swim Stress}, abstract ={Introduction: The formalin test is the most accepted chemical test for evaluation of nociception. It requires the injection of an adequate amount of formalin into the surface of the hindpaw. Formalin test consists of phase 1 (0-7 min) and phase 2 (15-60) in which the animal shows painful behaviors. These phases are separated with a quiet phase named interphase, in which the nociceptive responses are decreased or completely disappeared.  Methods: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effects of swim stress at different heights of water on different phases of the formalin test in male rats.  Results: Swim stress decreased nociceptive behaviors in first phase and prolonged interphase or delayed the start of second phase in a water height dependent manner. Swim stress in 25 and 50cm completely abolished the nociceptive behaviours in phase 1.  Discussion: The present results showed different pain modulation during different phases of the formalin test and elucidated the impact of swim stress on duration of interphase. Interphase considered as an inactive period, but a recent research has shown that active inhibitory mechanisms are involved in the modulation of pain during this period. Therefore, swim stress may consider as a useful tool for study of the basic inhibitory mechanisms underlying attenuation of nociceptive behaviors between phase 1 and 2 of the formalin test.}, Keywords = {Swim stress, Interphase, Formalin test, Pain.}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {303-307}, publisher = {Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-421-en.html}, eprint = {http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-421-en.pdf}, journal = {Basic and Clinical Neuroscience}, issn = {2008-126X}, eissn = {2228-7442}, year = {2014} }