en Clinical Neuroscience Clinical Neuroscience Original Original <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong>: The diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM) has remained a challenge due to its insidious onset and the failure of conventional diagnostic tests. The present study aimed to identify the mycobacterial pathogen in the CSF of patients with TBM and a poor prognosis.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: We retrospectively recruited 224 TBM and 34 non-TBM patients admitted to the Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India, in 2014. The CSF samples of these patients were subjected to a duplex PCR assay for the species-specific identification of the causative pathogen.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: M. bovis and infection with M.tuberculosis were detected in 7% (18) and 32.9% (85) of the patients, respectively. Moreover, 14% (36) of the study samples were culture positive; however, the mycobacterial pathogens could not be differentiated to the species level.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The present study findings emphasized the potentially vital importance of M. bovis identification for appropriate patient management. The obtained data also demonstrated the persistent significance of M. bovis, as a zoonotic pathogen.</p> <div><div></div></div> <p style="text-align: justify;"></p> <div><div></div></div> Duplex PCR, Mycobacterium Bovis, Tuberculous meningitis, Zoonoses 619 630 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-803-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Prachi R. Bapat prachibapat20@gmail.com 13700319475328460029548 13700319475328460029548 No Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Seema D. Shekhawat sima_ciims@rediffmail.com 13700319475328460029549 13700319475328460029549 No Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Aliabbas A. Husain aliabbas_mb@rediffmail.com 13700319475328460029550 13700319475328460029550 No Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Renuka S. Dodkey dodkeyrenuka@gmail.com 13700319475328460029551 13700319475328460029551 No Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Hatim F. Daginawala hfd_ciims@rediffmail.com 13700319475328460029552 13700319475328460029552 No Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Lokendra K. Singh drlokendra_singh@hotmail.com 13700319475328460029553 13700319475328460029553 No Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Rajpal S. Kashyap raj_ciims@rediffmal.com 13700319475328460029554 13700319475328460029554 Yes Research Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.