en Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Original Original <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally known as a manageable but not yet curable&nbsp;autoimmune disease affecting central nervous system. A potential therapeutic approach should&nbsp;possess several properties: Prevent immune system from damaging the brain and spinal cord,&nbsp;promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes&nbsp;to produce myelin, prevent the formation of fibronectin aggregates by astrocytes to inhibit scar&nbsp;formation, and enhance function of healthy endothelial cells (ECs).<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> To determine if an increase in sulfur contents through H2S, a potent antioxidant known&nbsp;to induce protective autophagy in cells, could provide the above desired outcomes, peripheral&nbsp;blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), OCPs, astrocytes, and ECs were treated with NaHS (50&nbsp;&mu;M) in vitro.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Transmigration assay using EC monolayer showed that serotonin increased migration&nbsp;of PBMNC while pretreatment of EC with NaHS inhibited the migration induced by serotonin&nbsp;treatment. NaHS upregulated proteins involved in immune system response and downregulated&nbsp;PBMNCs- and EC-related adhesion molecules (LFA-1 and VCAM-1). Furthermore, it had a cell&nbsp;expansion inducing effect, altering EC morphology. The effects of NaHS on OPCs and astrocytes&nbsp;were studied compared to mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In NaHS treated astrocytes the induced&nbsp;fibronectin production was partially inhibited while rapamycin almost fully inhibited fibronectin&nbsp;production. NaHS slowed but did not inhibit the differentiation of OCPs or the production of&nbsp;myelin compared to rapamycin.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The in vitro results point to the potential therapeutic application of hydrogen sulfide&nbsp;releasing molecules or health-promoting sulfur compounds in MS.</p> NaHS, Fibronectin, Myelin, Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, HUVEC, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells 121 136 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-782-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatemeh Talaei Talaei@irimc.org 1370031947532846007414 1370031947532846007414 Yes Novel Drug Delivery Systems Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.