en Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Original Original <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on attention&nbsp;deficit hyperactivity disorder.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> This is a quasi-experimental study without a control group. The study population&nbsp;included all children aged 5 to 12 years old affected with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders in&nbsp;Tehran, Iran who were referred to psychiatric clinics and given the diagnosis. The sample included&nbsp;12 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were selected based on their availability&nbsp;(non-random sampling). They received 30 sessions of neurofeedback treatment, 2 times per week.&nbsp;Before and after neurofeedback training, the children were evaluated and compared with the use of&nbsp;cognitive assessment system test. Data were analyzed using dependent T-test.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The total mean score for pretest was 88.81 while the total mean score for the post test&nbsp;was 82.23. The mean in pretest for attention hyperactivity disorder was higher than the mean in&nbsp;the post test. Moreover, The difference of pretest and post test scores of children affected with&nbsp;learning disorder associated with ADHD was calculated that showed significant (P=0.003).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Neurofeedback is effective in the improvement of attention deficit hyperactivity&nbsp;disorder.</p> Attention deficit, Das–Naglieri cognitive assessment system test, Hyperactivity disorder, Neurofeedback 167 171 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-719-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mostafa Deilami 1370031947532846007432 1370031947532846007432 No Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Asghar Jahandideh 1370031947532846007433 1370031947532846007433 No Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Yousef Kazemnejad 1370031947532846007434 1370031947532846007434 No Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Yousef Fakour 1370031947532846007435 1370031947532846007435 No Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Shiva Alipoor 1370031947532846007436 1370031947532846007436 No Department of Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran. Fatemeh Rabiee 1370031947532846007437 1370031947532846007437 No Department of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran . Ghazal Saadat Pournesaie 1370031947532846007438 1370031947532846007438 No Department of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, Iran . Rosemarie Noot Heidari 1370031947532846007439 1370031947532846007439 No Center for Development of Research & Technology, Deputy of Research & Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Aliasghar Mosavi a.a.mosavi@gmail.com 1370031947532846007440 1370031947532846007440 Yes Department of Ophthalmology, Bina Eye Hospital Research Center, Tehran, Iran.