en Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Original Original <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Methamphetamine is a powerful psychostimulant that causes significant neurological&nbsp;impairments with long-lasting effects and has provoked serious international concerns about public&nbsp;health. Denial of drug abuse and drug craving are two important factors that make the diagnosis&nbsp;and treatment extremely challenging. Here, we present a novel and rapid noninvasive method with&nbsp;potential application for differentiation and monitoring methamphetamine abuse.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> Visual stimuli comprised a series of images with neutral and methamphetamine-related&nbsp;content. A total of 10 methamphetamine abusers and 10 age-gender matched controls participated in&nbsp;the experiments. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded and compared using a time window&nbsp;analysis method. The ERPs were divided into 19 time windows of 100 ms with 50 ms overlaps. The&nbsp;area of positive sections below each window was calculated to measure the differences between the&nbsp;two groups.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Significant differences between two groups were observed from 250 to 500 ms (P300) in&nbsp;response to methamphetamine-related visual stimuli and 600 to 800 ms in response to neutral stimuli.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study presented a novel and noninvasive method based on neural correlates to&nbsp;discriminate healthy individuals from methamphetamine drug abusers. This method can be employed&nbsp;in treatment and monitoring of the methamphetamine abuse.</p> Event-related potential, Brain, Methamphetamine, Craving 221 230 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-681-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fanak Shahmohammadi Fanak.shahmohammadi@gmail.com 1370031947532846007935 1370031947532846007935 No Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran. Mehrshad Golesorkhi Mehrshad.golesorkhi@gmail.com 1370031947532846007936 1370031947532846007936 No Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Mansour Riahi Kashani M_Riahi_Kashani@iau-tnb.ac.ir 1370031947532846007937 1370031947532846007937 No Department of Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran. Mehrdad Sangi 1370031947532846007938 1370031947532846007938 No Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. Ahmad Yoonessi ayoonessi@gmail.com 1370031947532846007939 1370031947532846007939 No McGill Vision Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. Ali Yoonessi a-yoonessi@tums.ac.ir 1370031947532846007940 1370031947532846007940 Yes Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.