en Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Original Original <p align="left" ><p><b><font color="#221e1f" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" size="1">Introduction: </font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">Cypermethrin causes its neurotoxic effect through voltage-dependent sodium </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">channels and integral protein ATPases in the neuronal membrane. Brain and nerve damage </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">are often associated with low residual level of pesticides. In vitro and in vivo studies have </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">also shown that pesticides cause free radical-mediated tissue damage in brain. Propolis has antioxidant properties. The main chemical classes found in propolis are flavonoids and phenolics. Bioflavonoids are antioxidant molecules that play important roles in scavenging </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">free radicals, which are produced in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. </font></font></font><b><font color="#221e1f" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" size="1"><p align="justify">Methods: </p></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">To determine the protective role of propolis, rainbow trouts were treated with cypermethrin, followed by biochemical analyses of brain tissue. Fish were divided into four </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">groups: control, propolis-treated, cypermethrin-treated, and cypermethrin+propolis-treated. </font></font></font><b><font color="#221e1f" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" size="1"><p align="justify">Results: </p></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">In fish brains, catalase (CAT) activity decreased (P≤0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased (P≤0.001) in cypermethrin-treated group compared to control group. In cypermethrin + propolis-treated group CAT activity increased (P≤0.001) and MDA level decreased (P≤0.001) compared to cypermethrin group. </font></font></font><b><font color="#221e1f" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" size="1"><p>Discussion: </p></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">The results demonstrated that the negative effects, observed as a result of </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">cypermethrin treatment, could be reversed by adding supplementary propolis. Propolis may improve some biochemical markers associated with oxidative stress in fish brain, after </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="1">exposure to cypermethrin. </font></font></font></b></b></b></b></p> Brain,Cypermethrin,Oxidative Stress,Propolis,Rainbow Trout. 153 158 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-155&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Shapour Kakoolaki 1370031947532846003877 1370031947532846003877 No Zeliha Selamoglu 1370031947532846003878 1370031947532846003878 Yes Talas Oguz 1370031947532846003879 1370031947532846003879 No Oguz Cakir 1370031947532846003880 1370031947532846003880 No Osman Ciftci 1370031947532846003881 1370031947532846003881 No Ilknur Ozdemir 1370031947532846003882 1370031947532846003882 No