en Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Original Original <p align="justify"><strong>A B S T R A C T</strong></p><p align="justify"> <strong>Introduction</strong>: Even today there is no effective drug therapy to prevent neuronal loss after brain stroke. In the present study we studied the effect of mitochondrial KATP channel regulators on neuronal ultrastructure after ischemia reperfusion in the rat. Materials & <strong>Methods</strong>: Rats temporarily subjected to four vessels occlusion for 15 minutes followed by 24 hours reperfusion with or without K-ATP channel regulators. </p><p align="justify"><strong>Results</strong>: Neuronal ultrastructure significantly improved in K-ATP channel opener (diazoxide) treated ischemia-reperfusion group compared with control group.</p><p align="justify"><strong> Discussion</strong>: Our results showed that dizoxide treatment after ischemia reperfusion leads to better preservation of cortical neurons in rat. </p> Ischemia-Reperfusion,Diazoxide,Ultrastructural Changes 17 20 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-28&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mehdi Mehdizadeh 137003194753284600390 137003194753284600390 Yes Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Majid Katebi 137003194753284600391 137003194753284600391 No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Mansoure Soleimani 137003194753284600392 137003194753284600392 No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Mohammad Hassan Farahani Pad 137003194753284600393 137003194753284600393 No School of Medicine, Azad University Ali Hoseini Tehrani 137003194753284600394 137003194753284600394 No School of Medicine, Azad University Mohammad Taghi Joghataei 137003194753284600395 137003194753284600395 No Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences