en Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Original Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong>: Cognitive failures (CFs) during driving significantly contribute to traffic accidents and fatalities. This study aimed to investigate neurophysiological markers of CF in drivers using electroencephalography (EEG).<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Thirty taxi drivers were classified into high and low CF groups based on CF questionnaire (CFQ) scores. EEG signals were recorded during eyes-closed rest and eyes-open Go/No-Go (GNG) tasks to assess brainwave patterns and lobe-specific activation. Statistical analyses included t-tests, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson&rsquo;s correlations.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Results</strong>: Drivers with high CF showed reduced delta, theta, and gamma activity&mdash;particularly in the temporal and occipital lobes&mdash;suggesting impaired cognitive processing. In contrast, low-failure drivers exhibited increased delta, theta, and alpha power in frontal and occipital regions. Elevated beta activity in the parietal lobe of high-failure drivers may reflect compensatory processing. Gamma power was consistently lower across all brain regions in this group.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: These results highlight specific EEG frequency bands as potential objective markers for identifying CF in drivers, offering implications for early cognitive assessment and the development of evidence-based safety strategies in driving contexts.</div> Cognitive performance, Automobile driving, Electroencephalography (EEG), Brain waves 1033 1050 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1773-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zahra Sharifi sharifi_12_ohs@yahoo.com 13700319475328460056616 13700319475328460056616 No Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Amir Pour Mohammadi amir.p.mohammadi@fau.de 13700319475328460056617 0009-0004-9006-7555 No Department of Mathematical Engineering, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. Seyed Ruhollah Hosseini rh.neuroscience@gmail.com 13700319475328460056618 13700319475328460056618 No Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Shohreh Sadeghi dr.shohresadeghi3@gmail.com 13700319475328460056619 0009-0009-6483-4120 No School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Mohebat Vali mohebatvali@gmail.com 13700319475328460056620 13700319475328460056620 No Department of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Mozhgan Seif mozhganseif@yahoo.com 13700319475328460056621 13700319475328460056621 No School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Reza Kazemi reza_kazemi2007@yahoo.com 13700319475328460056622 13700319475328460056622 Yes Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.