en Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Original Original <p>The Cholinergic and GABAergic .bers of the medial septal/diagonal band of Broca (MS/DB) area project to the hippocampus and constitute the septo-hippocampal pathway, which has been proven to play a role in learning and memory. In addition, the hippocampus has bidirectional connections with the septum so that to self-regulate of cholinergic input.</p> <p>The activity of septal and hippocampal neurons is modulated by several neurotransmitter systems including glutamatergic neurons from the entorhinal cortex, serotonergic .bers from the raphe nucleus, dopaminergic neurons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), histaminergic cells from the tuberomammillary nucleus and adrenergic .bers from the locus coeruleus (LC). Thus, changes in the glutamatergic, serotonergic and other systems- mediated transmission in the MS/DB may in.uence cholinergic or GABAergic transmission in the hippocampus.</p> septo-hippocampal, septum, hippocampus, learning, memory 5 23 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-135&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatemeh Khakpai 1370031947532846006493 1370031947532846006493 Yes Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Nasehi 1370031947532846006494 1370031947532846006494 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Semnan, Iran. Ali Haeri-Rohani 1370031947532846006495 1370031947532846006495 No Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran. Akram Eidi 1370031947532846006496 1370031947532846006496 No Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Zarrindast 1370031947532846006497 1370031947532846006497 No Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.