en Behavioral Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience Original Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong>: The impaired mitochondrial function in neurons is a principal abnormality in many medical conditions. Behavioral changes are the key aspects that emerge under these conditions. In the current study, we investigated whether social interactions are influenced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced mitochondrial failure. We also assessed changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and FKBP5 protein levels, cytochrome contents, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activities in the striatum (ST), hippocampus (HIP), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the subjects.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Adult male Wistar rats were treated with 3-NP. Then, the social and non-social behaviors of 3-NP-treated rats were investigated. Different dissected brain regions were considered regarding GR and FKBP5 protein levels, cytochrome contents, and MAO-A and MAO-B.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Results</strong>: We found a significantly decreased duration of social behaviors and impaired non-social behavioral tests. We detected a decreasing trend in GR and FKBP5 protein levels. Moreover, cytochrome contents and MAO A and B activities decreased in the dissected brain regions.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Impaired social/non-social behaviors and decreased levels of investigated molecular variables in the regions mentioned above after 3-NP treatment might point to processes connecting mitochondrial failure to behavioral impairment, particularly social type.</div> 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP), Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), FKBP5, Cytochrome, Monoamine oxidase (MAO), Social behavior 489 504 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6604-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatemeh Nasehi fatemehnasehi98@gmail.com 13700319475328460053283 13700319475328460053283 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fariba Khodagholi khodagholi@sbmu.ac.ir 13700319475328460053284 13700319475328460053284 Yes Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Neda Kaveh neda.kaveh91@gmail.com 13700319475328460053285 13700319475328460053285 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Maleki ali.maleki7424@gmail.com 13700319475328460053286 13700319475328460053286 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arman Zeinaddini-Meymand zeinaddini.arman@yahoo.com 13700319475328460053287 13700319475328460053287 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Alsadat Mousavi maryamalsadatmousavi@yahoo.com 13700319475328460053288 13700319475328460053288 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Dariush Minai-Tehrani d_mtehrani@sbu.ac.ir 13700319475328460053289 13700319475328460053289 No Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Forough Foolad ‎forough.foolad@yahoo.com 13700319475328460053290 13700319475328460053290 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.