en Clinical Neuroscience Clinical Neuroscience Original Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong>: A benign condition known as a febrile seizure (FS) occurs between the ages of six and 60 months when the patient has a fever of at least 38 &deg;C, is not suffering from a central nervous system (CNS) infection or metabolic disorder, and has no prior history of FSs. Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to the emergence of several neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) in febrile children with and without seizures.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Heshmatieh Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, between March 2020 and March 2021. Forty febrile children with a temperature of 38 &deg;C and above (F) and 40 febrile children who experienced FS were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from all patients. PAB was evaluated using a special PAB assay. The pro-oxidant-antioxidant ratio values were expressed in HK units.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The HK variable in the FS group was 180.43&plusmn;9.28 and 131.83&plusmn;17.73 in the F group. The FS group had a higher mean serum level of PAB than the F group (P<0.05), indicating that the level of oxidative stress in patients with FSs was higher than in febrile patients without seizures.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Serum antioxidant levels appear to interiorize the risk of seizures in febrile children.</div> Antioxidant, Febrile seizure (FS), Fever, Oxidative stress, Pro-oxidant 657 666 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6601-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Salari Zare dr.m.salari@gmail.com 13700319475328460054323 13700319475328460054323 No Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.. Mehran Mir mehran.mir7@yahoo.com 13700319475328460054324 13700319475328460054324 No Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Saeideh Sadat Shobeiri saeideshobeiri@gmail.com 13700319475328460054325 13700319475328460054325 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Houman Tehrani hmnthnp@gmail.com 13700319475328460054326 13700319475328460054326 No Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Parastoo Amiri amiri.parasto@gmail.com 13700319475328460054327 13700319475328460054327 No Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Mitra Azra Aldaghi aldaghymytra@gmail.com 13700319475328460054328 13700319475328460054328 No Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran. Kazem Hassanpour drhassanpour@yahoo.com 13700319475328460054329 13700319475328460054329 Yes Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.