en Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Review Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong>: Philosophy for Children (P4C) is one of the most effective teaching methods, having various educational, cognitive, and emotional benefits for children. This method is based on three types of thinking: critical (logic), caring (ethics), and creative (aesthetics). This study aimed to review the various outcomes of applying this strategy in people with different genders, ages, and socioeconomic statuses (SESs) from a neuroscience perspective.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: This is a narrative review study. The related studies were selected for review based on relevance to gender, age, and SES, and findings were categorized to highlight patterns and divergences in outcomes.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Results</strong>: Evidence suggests that gender and SES can affect the effectiveness of P4C in certain aspects. However, the interaction between gender, age, and SES seems to shape the overall efficacy of P4C in nuanced ways.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The P4C has shown promising benefits for diverse populations. However, demographic variables such as gender, age, and SES may modulate its impact. Further interdisciplinary research is needed to clarify these interactions and optimize implementation strategies.</div> Philosophy for children (P4C), Neuroscience, Brain regions, Gender, Age, Socioeconomic status (SES) 551 568 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6110-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fariba Khodagholi khodagholi@sbmu.ac.ir 13700319475328460054276 13700319475328460054276 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Alsadat Mousavi maryamalsadatmousavi@yahoo.com 13700319475328460054277 13700319475328460054277 Yes Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Yahya Ghaedi Yahyaghaedy@yahoo.com 13700319475328460054278 13700319475328460054278 No Department of Educational Philosophy, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. Shakiba Salarvandian Shakiba.salarvandian@gmail.com 13700319475328460054279 13700319475328460054279 No Neurobiology Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Vosoughian vosoughianf@gmail.com 13700319475328460054280 0009-0000-8664-9078 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mobina Javadi javadimobinaa@gmail.com 13700319475328460054281 13700319475328460054281 No Neurobiology Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fereshteh Khodagholi parisa.khodagholi@gmail.com 13700319475328460054282 13700319475328460054282 No Neurobiology Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Solmaz Khalifeh soolmaz25kh@yahoo.com 13700319475328460054283 13700319475328460054283 No Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amiralmomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Roohollah Karimi roohollahkarimi@gmail.com 13700319475328460054284 0009-0006-8102-8751 No Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Ethics and Training, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Seddighfar masoud.sed@gmail.com 13700319475328460054285 0009-0005-1835-6309 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shima Barzin Shima.barzin@gmail.com 13700319475328460054286 0009-0006-1302-1152 No Neurobiology Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Leila Dargahi l.dargahi@sbmu.ac.ir 13700319475328460054287 13700319475328460054287 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.