en Clinical Neuroscience Clinical Neuroscience Review Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong>: Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) has been considered a potential treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI). We aim to identify and evaluate the histopathological effects of intrathecal ChABC administration in SCI rat models.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies published from the inception of each database until November 22, 2022.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: Of 3857 screened citations, 17 studies met eligibility criteria and were entered into the qualitative analysis. Sixteen studies were of high quality, and one study was of medium quality. The four main rat strains used in studies were Sprague-Dawley, Wistar, Lister hooded, and Long-Evans. ChABC treatment phases were considered acute (within 24 hours after injury), subacute (5 or 7 days after injury), or chronic (4 or 6 weeks after injury). Accordingly, ChABC administration in the acute phase of injury significantly reduced cyst formation and promoted tissue preservation and sensory neuron plasticity. Regardless of the treatment phase, ChABC administration significantly promoted serotonergic and corticospinal fiber plasticity. Nine of the 14 studies reporting on functional outcomes found that ChABC administration, alone or in combination with other treatments, including rehabilitation, improved motor function.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The specification of anatomical changes associated with ChABC treatment can explain the functional improvements reported with its use in SCI. The limited studies on more clinically relevant contusion and compression injury models warrant further investigation of these models and alternative treatment phases.</div> Chondroitinase ABC, Histopathology, Spinal cord injuries (SCIs), Functional outcome 1 24 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5588-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Amin Habibi mohammad.habibi1392@yahoo.com 13700319475328460057417 0009-0005-0934-4015 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Anjomshoa alianjomshoa96@gmail.com 13700319475328460057418 13700319475328460057418 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Sadeghi-Naini dr.msadeghi313@gmail.com 13700319475328460057419 13700319475328460057419 No Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorram Abad, Iran. Zahra Ghodsi ghodsi2003@yahoo.com 13700319475328460057420 13700319475328460057420 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Samuel Berchi Kankam samkankam81@gmail.com 13700319475328460057421 13700319475328460057421 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Erfan Razavi erfanr72@gmail.com 13700319475328460057422 13700319475328460057422 No Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Armin Aryannejad aryannejad@icloud.com 13700319475328460057423 13700319475328460057423 No Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Piri muhammadpiri25@gmail.com 13700319475328460057424 13700319475328460057424 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Akam Ramezani akamramezani@gmail.com 13700319475328460057425 13700319475328460057425 No Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Rasha Atlasi rashaatlasi@gmail.com 13700319475328460057426 13700319475328460057426 No Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Kawthar Mohamed kawthaar2023@gmail.com 13700319475328460057427 13700319475328460057427 No School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sina Shool shoolsina@gmail.com 13700319475328460057428 13700319475328460057428 No School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Meysam Kaveh mey.kave@gmail.com 13700319475328460057429 13700319475328460057429 No Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Akbar Fotouhi afotouhi@tums.ac.ir 13700319475328460057430 13700319475328460057430 No Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Arman Zeinaddini zeinaddini.arman@yahoo.com 13700319475328460057431 13700319475328460057431 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. James S. Harrop james.harrop@jefferson.edu 13700319475328460057432 13700319475328460057432 No Department of Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States. Alex R. Vaccaro alex.vaccaro@rothmanortho.com 13700319475328460057433 13700319475328460057433 No Department of Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States. Michael G. Fehlings mohammad.amin.habibi1392@gmail.com 13700319475328460057434 13700319475328460057434 No Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar v_rahimi@sina.tums.ac.ir 13700319475328460057435 13700319475328460057435 Yes Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.