en Behavioral Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience Original Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:2;"><b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">The Purpose of the Study:</span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black"> Music is one of the factors known to have an impact on brain development. Herein, the effects of perinatal exposure to different music patterns on some behavioral characteristics and their underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated.</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"></span></span><br> <b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black"> On the first day of their gestation, Wistar rats separated into control, classical, Sufi, and rock groups. Pregnant rats and their pups were exposed to music patterns for one hour/day during pregnancy until weaning.</span></span> <span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">On the 60^th day, behavioral tests were performed; later the brains of rat pups were dissected for molecular analysis. </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"></span></span><br> <b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">Results:</span></span></b><span style="background:white"><span style="color:black"> At adult age, pups in rock group had lower level of anxiety, learning and memory with an increase in motor coordination. However, classical and Sufi groups had increased level of anxiety and depression due to </span></span>low BDNF expression<span style="background:white"><span style="color:black">. In addition, Sufi group presented good results in object recognition while classical group showed a better performance in spatial learning due to increased neuroprotective/neurogenesis factors. </span></span>In contrast, lower DCX levels in both the Sufi and the rock groups suggested a decrease in the neurogenesis. Indeed, the increased NFkB expression may explain poor performance in learning and memory of the rock group.<br> <b>Conclusions:</b> In conclusion, the type of music may be an important epigenetic factor during hippocampal development because it may have an impact on the function of higher brain areas in adults.</span></span></span></div> Behavioral tests, Microarray, Neurogenesis, Prenatal music exposure, Rat  ​​​​​​​ 0 0 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5381-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hilal Yanik hilalyanik@gmail.com 13700319475328460049937 13700319475328460049937 No Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey. Birsen Elibol elibolbirsen@gmail.com 13700319475328460049938 13700319475328460049938 Yes Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey. Merve Beker karakasmrv@gmail.com 13700319475328460049939 13700319475328460049939 No Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul, Turkey. Mehmet Taha Yildiz mtahay@gmail.com 13700319475328460049940 13700319475328460049940 No Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamidiye Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey. Ismet Kirpinar ikirpinar@bezmialem.edu.tr 13700319475328460049941 13700319475328460049941 No Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey.