en Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Original Original <span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 118% FONT-FAMILY: "><p align="left" ><p>　</p><p><b><font color="#221e1f" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" size="2">Introduction: </font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) has been shown to be effective in increasing corticomotor excitability. </font></font></font></b></p><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><p align="left" ><p>　</p><p><b><font color="#221e1f" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" size="2">Methods: </font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">We investigated whether longer applications of a-tDCS coincide with greater increases in corticomotor excitability compared to shorter application of a-tDCS. Ten right-handed healthy participants received one session of a-tDCS (1mA current) with shorter (10 min) and longer (10+10 min) stimulation durations applied to the left M1 of extensor carpi radialis muscle (ECR). Corticomotor excitability following application of a-tDCS was assessed at rest with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicited motor evoked potentials (MEP) and compared with baseline data for each participant. </font></font></font></b></p><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><p align="left" ><p>　</p><p><b><font color="#221e1f" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" size="2">Results: </font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">MEP amplitudes were increased following 10 min of a-tDCS by 67% (p = 0.001) with a further increase (32%) after the second 10 min of a-tDCS (p = </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">0.005). MEP amplitudes remained elevated at 15 min post stimulation compared </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">to baseline values by 65% (p = 0.02). </font></font></font></b></p><p align="left" ><p>　</p><p><b><font color="#221e1f" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" size="2">Discussion: </font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">The results demonstrate that longer application of a-tDCS within the recommended safety limits, increases corticomotor excitability with after effects of up to 15 minutes post stimulation. </font></font></font><p><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"></font></font></font></p></b></p></font></font></font></font></font></font></span> Ttranscranial Ddirect Ccurrent Sstimulation, tDCS, Ttranscranial Mmagnetic Sstimulation, TMS, Ccorticomotor Eexcitability 28 35 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-117&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Shapour Jaberzadeh 1370031947532846002047 1370031947532846002047 Yes Andisheh Bastani 1370031947532846002048 1370031947532846002048 No Dawson Kidgell 1370031947532846002049 1370031947532846002049 No