en Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Original Original <p align="left" ><p>　</p><p align="justify"><b><font color="#221e1f" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" size="2">Introduction: </font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">Sexual dimorphisms in biological structures such as brain and behaviour have been widely recognized in animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are sex differences in the size of the cerebellum with other body traits, such as the head, tail and brain. </font></font></font><b><font color="#221e1f" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" size="2"><p align="justify">Methods: </p></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">Twelve grasscutters comprising of 6 males and 6 females were used in this study. Each brain was extracted from the skull by standard procedures and the mean values of the weights, dimensions and volumes of the brain, cerebellum, head and tail were compared in male and female using quantitative analytical statistical method. </font></font></font><b><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><p align="justify">Results: </p></font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">The results showed that the absolute mean brain weight and volume obtained in the male was slightly higher than that of the female, while the cerebellar mean weight was slightly higher in the female although these values were not </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">statistically significant (P> 0.05). The mean cerebellar lengths and widths did not </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">differ between the two sexes (> 0.05), but the mean cerebellar circumference in the male was statistically higher than in the female (P< 0.05). The female cerebellar length was positively correlated with the length of the brain, head, body and tail. </font></font></font><b><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><p>Discussion: </p></font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">In conclusion, the brain weight was slightly higher in the male than female, while the cerebellar weight was higher in the female than male. The </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">significantly higher value of the cerebellar circumference in the male may partly </font></font></font><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2"><font color="#221e1f" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman" size="2">be responsible for the big round head seen in the live male grasscutter. </font></font></font></b></b></b></b></p> cerebellum, grasscutter, sex differences, body traits 15 21 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-115&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Obadiah Byanet 1370031947532846002039 1370031947532846002039 Yes Barth Izuchukwu Onyeanusi 1370031947532846002040 1370031947532846002040 No Samuel Adeniyi Ojo 1370031947532846002041 1370031947532846002041 No