en Clinical Neuroscience Clinical Neuroscience Original Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong>: Hearing loss is the most common sensory-neurological defect in humans. The most common hearing impairment is sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by the inner ear and related nerves. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced MRI technique that can provide valuable information about auditory neural pathways and their microstructural changes. The present study was designed to investigate the microstructural changes in auditory pathways-related fiber tracts in children with SNHL.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Twenty-two children including 11 subjects with SNHL aged 1-4 years and 11 healthy children were examined as controls. Then, DTI-derived parameters, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AxD), and radial diffusivity (RD), and volume of fiber tracts were extracted from the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, acoustic radiation, and uncinate fasciculus.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The results showed an increase in MD, RD, and AxD as well as a decrease in FA, volume, and diameter of auditory-pathway-related fiber tracts. Interestingly, there was an increase in the FA of acoustic radiation.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: White matter connections in the auditory canal decrease and AR integrity increases due to compensatory effects. These probably reflect atrophy or degradation as well as compensatory cross-modal reorganization in the absence of auditory input and the use of sign language.</div> SNHL, DTI, MRI, Tractography 857 866 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3593-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Samira Sadeghinasab persian.user1992@gmail.com 13700319475328460047502 0009-0008-6989-0271 No Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Ali Reza Eftekhari Moghadam Ali_eftekhari62@yahoo.com 13700319475328460047503 13700319475328460047503 No Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nader Saki saki-n@ajums.ac.ir 13700319475328460047504 13700319475328460047504 No Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Arash Bayat bayat-a@ajums.ac.ir 13700319475328460047505 13700319475328460047505 No Hearing Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Ghasem Saki ghasemsaki@yahoo.com 13700319475328460047506 13700319475328460047506 Yes Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.