en Clinical Neuroscience Clinical Neuroscience Original Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction</strong>: Our aim was to investigate the expression of miRNAs, C-reactive protein as a blood inflammation marker, and alanine aminotransferase as a tissue inflammation marker, in recovered and not-recovered COVID-19 patients.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: This cross-sectional project was conducted at three medical centers in Iran from December to March 2021. In total, 20 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with grade III severity and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. Subsequently, the neuroinflammatory expression of miRNAs (miR-199, miR-203, and miR-181), C-reactive protein, and alanine aminotransferase was investigated during hospitalization from week 0 to week 2.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: Among COVID-19 subjects who did not recover, the expression levels of miR-199, miR-203, and miR-181 were decreased, while the levels of C-reactive protein and alanine aminotransferase increased during hospitalization. Conversely, in recovered COVID-19 subjects, the relative expression of miR-199, miR-203, and miR-181 increased and the levels of C-reactive protein and alanine aminotransferase decreased during hospitalization.<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The expression pattern of neuroinflammatory miRNAs depends on whether the COVID-19 patient is recovering or deteriorating. Their expression is downregulated in COVID-19 patients who do not recover and upregulated in those who do recover.</div> miRNAs, COVID-19, Neuroinflammatory, Hospitalization 73 80 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3342-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Reza Keikha Keikha@gmail.com 13700319475328460047835 13700319475328460047835 No Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri Hashemi-Shahri@gmail.com 13700319475328460047836 13700319475328460047836 No Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Ali Jebali alijebal2011@gmail.com 13700319475328460047837 13700319475328460047837 Yes Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.