Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal
مجله علوم اعصاب پایه و بالینی
BCN
Medical Sciences
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir
137
journal137
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
en
jalali
1400
6
1
gregorian
2021
9
1
12
5
online
1
fulltext
en
Environmental Enrichment Ameliorates Psychological Dependence Symptoms and Voluntary Morphine Consumption in Morphine Withdrawn Rats Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment
Behavioral Neuroscience
Behavioral Neuroscience
Original
Original
<strong>Introduction</strong>: Previous studies have shown that physical and psychological dependence and the vulnerability to relapse are still present during MMT. Thus, this study examined whether Enriched Environment (EE) would attenuate anxiety, depressive, and obsessive-compulsive-like behaviors, as well as voluntary morphine consumption following Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) in morphine withdrawn rats.<br>
<strong>Methods</strong>: The rats were injected bi-daily doses (10 mg/kg, 12-h interval) of morphine for 14 days. Then, the rats were reared in a Standard Environment (SE) or EE for 30 more days during morphine withdrawal, simultaneous with receiving MMT. The rats were tested for anxiety (the Elevated Plus Maze [EPM]) and depression (Sucrose Preference Test [SPT]), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as grooming behavior, and voluntary morphine consumption using a Two-Bottle Choice (TBC) paradigm.<br>
<strong>Results</strong>: The findings revealed that EE experience in morphine withdrawn rats under MMT significantly increased the EPM open-arm time and higher sucrose preference than SE rats. Also, we found that the EE decreased the self-grooming behavior and morphine preference ratio in morphine withdrawn rats receiving MMT compared to the SE group.<br>
<strong>Conclusion</strong>: We conclude that exposure to EE decreased methadone-induced anxiety, depressive and OCD-like behaviors, and voluntary morphine consumption in morphine withdrawn rats under MMT. Thus, the EE seems to be one of the strategies for reducing MMT-induced behavioral dysfunction and the risk of relapse induced by morphine withdrawal.
Morphine-withdrawn rats, Methadone, Enriched environment, Anxiety, Depression, Grooming, Morphine preference
607
616
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-886-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1
Marjan
Lari
lari.marjan@yahoo.com
13700319475328460039377
13700319475328460039377
No
Department of Clinical Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
Hossein
Miladi-Gorji
miladi331@yahoo.com
13700319475328460039378
13700319475328460039378
Yes
Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Mahmoud
Najafi
najafy2001ir@yahoo.com
13700319475328460039379
13700319475328460039379
No
Department of Clinical Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
Ali-Mohammad
Rezaei
rezaei_am@semnan.ac.ir
13700319475328460039380
13700319475328460039380
No
Department of Educational Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.