en Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Original Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> Probiotics, including lactobacilli, have immunomodulatory activities with promising effects on inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluate the effect of Enterococcus durans (Edu) and three various strains of lactobacilli (Lacto-mix), including L. rhamnosus, L. casei, and L. plantarum, to prevent Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) features<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> C57BL/6 female mice were inoculated with Myelin Oigodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) in CFA (complete Freund&rsquo;s adjuvant) to induce EAE. Five groups (n=6 in each group) of animals received saline or probiotics by oral gavage with 200 &micro;L of lactobacilli (1.5&times;108 CFU/mL) for 2 weeks before the immunization and during the test for one month.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Histopathological studies showed an increase in infiltration of inflammatory cells and destruction of the myelin membrane in the EAE group but a decrease in inflammatory cells in the probiotic-treated animals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-17 and Interferon [IFN]-&gamma;) concentration in the supernatant of the brain and spinal cord tissues showed a significant increase in the EAE compared with the normal saline group (P<0.01). While in the spinal cord tissue, there was a decrease in IL-17 in those animals treated with the Lacto-mix and Edu + Lacto-mix (P<0.01) and a significant decrease in IFN-&gamma; in those animals that received Edu (P<0.05). Western blot analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and myelin basic protein showed a decrease and increase in treatment and EAE groups, respectively, compared to the normal control group.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our data suggest that probiotic Enterococcus durans and Lacto-mix prevents EAE, but further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms and their application in preclinical and clinical trials.</div> Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Probiotic, Enterococcus durans 35 46 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1955-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyed Abdollah Samani samani1352@yahoo.com 13700319475328460040433 13700319475328460040433 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Mohammad Raman Moloudi X.moloudi@muk.ac.ir 13700319475328460040434 13700319475328460040434 No Liver and Digestive Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Rashid Ramezanzadeh atrop_t51@yahoo.com 13700319475328460040435 13700319475328460040435 No Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Mohammad Abdi Abdi@muk.ac.ir 13700319475328460040436 13700319475328460040436 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Bahram Nikkhoo bahram.nikkhoo@muk.ac.ir 13700319475328460040437 13700319475328460040437 No Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Esmael Izadpanah ezadpanah2000@gmail.com 13700319475328460040438 13700319475328460040438 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Daem Roshani Daemroshani@gmail.com 13700319475328460040439 13700319475328460040439 No Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Alina Abdolahi alina.abdolahi@yahoo.com 13700319475328460040440 13700319475328460040440 No Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Parisa Esmaili parisaesmaili27@yahoo.com 13700319475328460040441 13700319475328460040441 No Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Kambiz Hassanzadeh kambizhassanzadeh@gmail.com 13700319475328460040442 13700319475328460040442 Yes Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.