en Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Cellular and molecular Neuroscience Original Original <b><font color="#211d1e" size="2"><font color="#211d1e" size="2"><p align="left">Introduction: </p></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">Drug addiction could lead to severe impairments in executive </font></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">and neurocognitive functions but study on the impact of hydrochloride heroin </font></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">on executive functions has remained in infancy in Iran. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between addiction to hydrochloride heroin and executive functioning in several cognitive domains including mental flexibility, </font></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">abstract reasoning, impulsivity, and attention. </font></font></font><b><font color="#211d1e" size="2"><font color="#211d1e" size="2"><p align="left">Methods: </p></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">A total of 60 cases of young male addicts aged 18 to 21 were recruited from outpatient addiction clinics in Karaj city and were matched with 60 non-drug using controls. A test battery including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Porteus Maze Test (PMQS), Serial Seven Subtraction Test (SSST), and Color Trails Test (CTT) were administered respectively. </font></font></font><b><font color="#211d1e" size="2"><font color="#211d1e" size="2"><p align="left">Results: </p></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">The patient group showed more problems in impulse control compared </font></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">with the control group, while mental flexibility, abstract reasoning and attention </font></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">were not affected. </font></font></font><b><font color="#211d1e" size="2"><font color="#211d1e" size="2"><p align="left">Discussion: </p></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">The findings indicated that addiction to hydrochloride heroin had a negative effect on impulse control. This issue could reflect the role of impaired </font></font></font><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman"><font color="#211d1e" size="2" face="Times New Roman,Times New Roman">inhibitory control on drug-seeking behaviors and relapse. Special treatment programs must be tailored to control impulsivity among addicts to hydrochloride heroin during treatment.</font></font></font></b></b></b></b> Addiction,AttentionExecutive Functions,Hydrochloride Heroin,Impulsivity. 27 32 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-57&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Zahra Alam Mehrjerdi 1370031947532846001256 1370031947532846001256 Yes Sara Bakhshi 1370031947532846001257 1370031947532846001257 No Siavash Jafari 1370031947532846001258 1370031947532846001258 No Afsaneh Moradi 1370031947532846001259 1370031947532846001259 No Hamed Ekhtiari 1370031947532846001260 1370031947532846001260 No