en Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Original Original <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of computer-based, manual-based, and combined cognitive rehabilitation to improve cognitive functions among patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS).<br> <strong>Methods: </strong>This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test, and a 2-month follow-up, as well as a control group design. Sixty female patients with RRMS were selected by convenience sampling technique. Then they were randomly assigned into three experimental groups (computer-based, manual-based, and combined cognitive rehabilitation, each group including 12 patients), a placebo group (12 patients), and a control group (12 patients). The interventions were conducted in 21 sessions for the experimental groups for 5 months. The placebo group received physical rehabilitation intervention, and the control group received no intervention. The study participants were assessed by Psychiatric-Neurological Profile, Mini-Mental State Examination, Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale, Stroop Color and Word Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The effect of group factor was not significant (&eta;2=0.129), but the effect of time (&eta;2=0.884) and interaction effect of time and group (&eta;2=0.295) were statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the effects of all three rehabilitation interventions (P>0.05). In the post-test totally and in Follow-up partially, all comparisons among three experimental groups with control and placebo groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive rehabilitation was effective in improving cognitive functions in patients with RRMS. Thus, these interventions are recommended for application, along with other treatment protocols to treat RRMS in clinical settings.</div> Cognitive rehabilitation, Executive functions, Working memory, Selective attention, Multiple sclerosis (MS) 99 110 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1215-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mehri Rahmani rahimianis@gmail.com 13700319475328460025431 13700319475328460025431 No Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Mahdishahr, Semnan, Iran. Isaac Rahimian Boogar i_rahimian@semnan.ac.ir 13700319475328460025432 13700319475328460025432 Yes Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Mahdishahr, Semnan, Iran. Siavash Talepasand talepasand@semnan.ac.ir 13700319475328460025433 13700319475328460025433 No Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Mahdishahr, Semnan, Iran. Mostafa Nokani hajinokani@yahoo.com 13700319475328460025434 13700319475328460025434 No Department of Clinical Psychology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.