Introduction: Impulsivity is a core diagnostic feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Deficits in inhibitory control can lead to behavioral issues and difficulties in interpersonal communication. Due to the limited use of medication at early ages and the broad impact of impulsivity on developmental domains, there is an increasing need for effective interventional approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured dual-task exercise program that incorporates rhythmic movements preferred by children, along with visual and auditory cues, in reducing impulsivity and its related symptoms.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 60 children aged 6 to 12 years who were diagnosed with ADHD. Participants were allocated equally into the intervention (dual-task) and control groups using covariate adaptive randomization. Both groups received 18 45-minute intervention sessions over a period of 6 weeks. Evaluations were performed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and one month after the intervention to assess the sustainability of outcomes using the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test and the Cambridge neuropsychological testing automated battery (CANTAB) assessments.
Results: Significant improvements were found in the intervention group in all response control and prudence measures, including auditory and visual subdomains (P<0.001). Reaction time indicators also demonstrated significant between-group differences (P<0.001). At the one-month follow-up, response control and auditory response control measures showed no significant differences; however, other outcomes continued to show significant improvements.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that a rhythmic-cognitive dual-task training program can have a positive impact on symptoms of impulsivity and enhance inhibitory control in children with ADHD.