1- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
2- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
3- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
4- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
5- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Üskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract:
Introduction: Parkinson disease is the world’s second most prevalent neurological disease. In this disease, intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions are observed in enteric neurons in the gastrointestinal tract, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome is altered. These changes correlate with the motor phenotype. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of using probiotics in Parkinson disease.
Methods: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Ovıd-LWW were searched until April 2021. A total of 27395 records were found according to inclusion and exclusion criteria with the following outcomes: Parkinson disease rating, oxidative stress, and gastrointestinal system markers. Data search, article selection, and data extraction assessments were performed according to the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines. The Jadad scale was used to rate the evidence’s quality.
Results: Our study information was gathered from 5 randomized controlled trials involving 350 individuals with Parkinson disease receiving probiotic supplements. Parkinson disease rating and non-motor symptoms test were performed in the samples. Also, oxidative stress (glutathione, malondialdehyde) and gastrointestinal system symptoms (bowel opening frequency, gut transit time, complete bowel movement, spontaneous bowel movements) were evaluated during 4-12 weeks of using probiotics in these patients.
Conclusion: While all high-quality studies demonstrate improvement in disease symptoms of the patients, currently sufficient data are not available to recommend the use of probiotics for people with Parkinson disease in clinical practice.
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• Proving that probiotics may help by reducing the severity of Parkinson disease (PD) rating, selected gastrointestinal measurements, and oxidative stress parameters in PD.
• Modulation of the gut microbiome could be a therapeutic target for PD.
• Strategies to inhibit PD symptoms.
Plain Language Summary
Parkinson disease (PD) is a global concern. Pathologically, AD is characterized by the presence of reducing dopamine levels, oxidative stress, increased inflammatory cytokines and free radicals. It induces neuronal injury resulting with non-motor symptoms of PD are gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. In this review study, we investigated the therapeutic targets of probiotics in PD. This study reported the probiotic supplements were used for 4-12 weeks in PD can protect oxidative stress by increasing glutathione (GSH) levels and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), C- reactive protein (CRP) levels, Parkinson disease rating and GI dysfunction such as spontaneous bowel movement, bowel opening frequency (BOF), gut transit time (GTT) abdominal pain, bloating, constipation. Although the studies included in this study have high methodological quality, the number of studies is quite insufficient. It also varied greatly in terms of the number of people treated, treatment durations, gender differences, disease degree, age and types of probiotics administered. We suggest that future studies should have investigate the probiotic effects on pathological lesions in PD patients.
Type of Study:
Review |
Subject:
Clinical Neuroscience Received: 2021/03/7 | Accepted: 2021/10/26 | Published: 2024/03/1