en Behavioral Neuroscience Behavioral Neuroscience Review Review <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Decision-making (DM) is an important issue in our daily lives. Even the most trivial decisions can have significant long-term impacts. Among various forms of decision‑making, economic decisions are widely regarded as particularly challenging. One of the most challenging types of decisions is an economic one. Studies of economic DM have developed a new branch of research called neuroeconomics, in which economic DM is examined through psychological and neuroscience studies to determine the underlying cognitive processes involved. Since neuroscience can directly investigate brain organization, related biochemical mechanisms, and the causal relationships between these components and behaviors, it can play an important role in this interdisciplinary approach. Due to the structural and biochemical differences in the nervous system of men and women, different strategies may be used in their economic decisions, leading to different results. Many economic decisions are related to the uncertainty of rewards. Various brain regions, including the orbitofrontal cortex, ventral frontal lobe, nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, precentral gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and cerebellum, are activated during different stages of DM. Regarding the role of neuromodulators in DM, in this review, we will discuss the neuromodulators in the brains of males and females, which may lead to different economic outcomes.</span></span></span></span></span></span></div> Decision-making, Neuroeconomics, Neurotransmitters, Neuromodulators, Gonadal hormones, Sex. 0 0 http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1568-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Maryam Alsadat Mousavi maryamalsadatmousavi@yahoo.com 13700319475328460057531 13700319475328460057531 No Neurobiology Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba Khodagholi khodagholi@sbmu.ac.ir 13700319475328460057532 13700319475328460057532 No Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nahid Sarahian sarahiannahid@yahoo.com 13700319475328460057533 13700319475328460057533 No Neurobiology Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mitra Ansari Dezfouli mitraansari84@gmail.com 13700319475328460057534 13700319475328460057534 No Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Neda Valian mn.valian281@2yahoo.com 13700319475328460057535 13700319475328460057535 Yes Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience and Cognition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran