Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal
مجله علوم اعصاب پایه و بالینی
BCN
Medical Sciences
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir
137
journal137
2008-126X
2228-7442
10.32598/bcn
en
jalali
1400
10
1
gregorian
2022
1
1
13
1
online
1
fulltext
en
The Effect of 12 Hz Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Field on Visual Memory of Male Macaque Monkeys
Computational Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Original
Original
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> Today, humans live in a world surrounded by electromagnetic fields. Numerous studies have been conducted to discover the biological, physiological, and behavioral effects of electromagnetic fields on humans and animals. Given the biological similarities between monkeys and humans, The present research aimed to examine Visual Memory (VM), hormonal, genomic, and anatomic changes, in the male rhesus macaques exposed to an Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-MF).<br>
<strong>Methods: </strong>Four male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were used. For the behavioral tests, the animals should be fasting for 17 hours. For the tests such as visual memory, the animal’s cooperation was necessary. Using the radiation protocol, we exposed two monkeys to a 12-Hz electromagnetic field with a magnitude of 0.7 µT (electromagnetic radiation) four hours a day for a month. Before and after the exposure, a visual memory test was conducted using a coated device (visible reward) on a movable stand. Ten milliliters of blood was obtained from the femoral artery of each monkey, and half of it was used to examine cortisol serum levels using the MyBioSource kit (made in the USA). The other half of the blood was used to extract lymphocytes for assaying expressions of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) genes before and after radiation using the PCR method. Anatomic studies of the amygdala were carried out based on pre- and post-radiation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).<br>
<strong>Results:</strong> Research results indicated that visual memory in male primates increased significantly after exposure to the 12-Hz frequency. Hormonal analysis at the 12-Hz frequency showed a decrease in cortisol serum levels. However, visual memory and serum cortisol levels did not change considerably in male primates in the control group. There was no considerable amygdala volumetric difference after exposure to the 12-Hz frequency. The expression of the GR genes decreased in the 12-Hz group compared to the control group.<br>
<strong>Conclusion:</strong> In short, these results indicated that ELF might benefit memory enhancement because exposure to the 12-HZ ELF can enhance visual memory. This outcome may be due to a decrease in plasma cortisol and or expression of GR genes. Moreover, direct amygdala involvement in this regard cannot be recommended.</div>
Electromagnetic Field, Cortisol, Glucocorticoid receptor, Rhesus monkey
1
14
http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-724-8&slc_lang=en&sid=1
Masoomeh
Kazemi
mkazemih@yahoo.com
13700319475328460044554
13700319475328460044554
No
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hamed
Aliyari
hamedaliyary@gmail.com
13700319475328460044555
13700319475328460044555
No
Center for Human-Engaged Computing, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan.
Elaheh
Tekieh
elahehtekeh@yahoo.com
13700319475328460044556
13700319475328460044556
No
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hassan
Tavakoli
tavakol@ibb.ut.ac.ir
13700319475328460044557
13700319475328460044557
No
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sahar
Golabi
sgolabister@gmail.com
13700319475328460044558
13700319475328460044558
No
Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
Hedayat
Sahraei
h.sahrae@bmsu.ac.ir
13700319475328460044559
13700319475328460044559
No
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Gholam Hossein
Meftahi
meftahi20@yahoo.com
13700319475328460044560
13700319475328460044560
No
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Maryam
Salehi
maryam.saleh60@gmail.com
13700319475328460044561
13700319475328460044561
No
Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi
Saberi
mS_ saber@yahoo.com
13700319475328460044562
13700319475328460044562
Yes
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.