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Ebrahimi Taj F, Noorbakhsh S, Ghavidel Darestani S, Shirazi E, Javadinia S. Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal Infection in Children and the Resultant Neuro-psychiatric Disorder a Cross Sectional Study Tehran, Iran . BCN 2015; 6 (1) :38-43
URL: http://bcn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.html

Methods: Across sectional study was done in 2 pediatric psychiatric /and neurologic clinics in Tehran (Rasul Akram and Aliasghar Hospital) during 2008-2010. We studied serum antistreptococcal antibodies (anti streptolysin O, anti Deoxyribonuclease B, and anti-streptokinase (ABcam-ELISA, USA) in 76 cases with psychiatric manifestation (OCD, ADHD) in compare with 39 healthy controls. These antibodies were studied in 53 cases with movement disorders (Tic/ Tourette syndrome ) in compare with 76 healthy controls. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of tests were calculated. 

Results: In movement disorders ASOT, Anti-DNase and Anti streptokinase was significantly higher than controls (p<0.0001, p=0.000, p<0.00001) ASOT (cut off level> 200IU/ml) had 75% sensitivity 84% specificity and 80% PPV Antistreptokinase (cut off level> 332 IU/ml) had 34% sensitivity 85% specificity, and 72% PPV Anti-DNase (cut off level> 140IU/ml) had 70% sensitivity 99% specificity and PPV 90% for differentiating the group. ASOT, Anti-DNase and Anti streptokinase titer was significantly higher than controls (p<0.0001, p=0.000, p<0.0001). ASOT had 90% sensitivity 82% specificity, PPV 92% Anti streptokinase: 82% sensitivity 82% specificity, PPV 95% Anti DNase: 92% sensitivity 82% specificity, PPV 92% for differentiation the cases from normal controls. 

Discussion: These findings support that a post infectious immune mechanism to GABHS may play a role in the pathogenesis of PANDAS in our children. A combination of throat culture, rapid antigen detection test, and serologic testing for GABHS is required to achieve maximum sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis. We prefer to use antibiotic prophylaxis in PANDAS cases for preventing recurrent streptococcal infections. Ongoing research is needed for identifying optimum diagnostic, prevention and therapeutic approach especially, aggressive treatment (intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmaphresis).